KULIAH XI PERSONALITY

Personality Theories Galen  ancient Greek theory Choleric : bad-tempered and irritable Melancholic : gloomy and pessimistic Phlegmatic : sluggish, calm, unexcitable Sanguine : cheerful, passionate

Cattell : 16 Personality Factors Cool – Warm Concrete thinking - Abstract thinking Affected by feelings – Emotionally stable Submissive – Dominant Sober – Enthusiastic Expedient (practical) – Conscientious (perfectionist) Shy – Bold Tough minded – Tender minded

Cattel : 16 Personality Factors (continued) Trusting – Suspicious Practical – Imaginative Forthright (lugu) – Shrewd (licik) Self assured – Apprehensive Conservative – Experimenting Group oriented – Self sufficient Undisciplined – Controlled Relaxed - Tense

Eysenck : 3 Personality Factors Extraversion vs Introversion Neuroticism vs Emotional Stability Psychoticism vs Self Control Extraversion : outgoing, high level of activity Introversion : avoids crowds, solitary activity Neuroticism : anxiety, worry, guilt Emotional Stability : relaxed, at peace with self Psychoticism : aggressive, egocentric, antisocial Self-control : kind, considerate, obedient of rules and laws

Galen and Eysenck Combination Choleric : Extravert + Unstable : Touchy, restless, aggressive, excitable, changeable, impulsive, optimistic, active Melancholic : Introvert + Unstable : Moody, anxious, rigid, sober, pessimistic, reserved, unsociable, quiet. Sanguine : Extravert + Stable : Sociable, outgoing, talkative, responsive easygoing, lively, carefree, leadership Phlegmatic : Introvert + Stable : Passive, careful, thoughtful, peaceful, controlled, reliable, even tempered, calm

PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY Sigmund Freud : Id : Unconscious energy of psychic instincts  pleasure principle Ego : The self, controls and integrates behavior to demand of reality  reality principle. Superego : The conscience, the internalization of norms and values of society.

Defense Mechanisms The Ego contains defense mechanisms when id conflicts with superego. Triggering factor : anxiety Repression : feeling, idea or memory is prevented from consciousness. Contoh: tidak tahu mengapa tidak suka ke laut. Reaction Formation: replacing a threat with its opposite. Contoh : pernah narkoba menjadi aktivis gerakan narkoba. Projection : denial of desires and finding them in others. Contoh : Gagal bertanding, yang disalahkan orang lain Sublimation : diversion of energy from unacceptable drive to acceptable one. Contoh : Senang berantam, disalurkan dalam sport tinju. Rationalization : inventing acceptable reason for a less acceptable reason of behavior. Contoh : saya merokok karena kasihan pada yang punya warung, supaya laku. Conversion : outlet for psychic conflict in form of physical symptom. Contoh : takut ujian, jadi benar-benar sakit.

Influences on Personality Heredity : genes Biological : brain, nervous system Behavior : stimulus – response Social learning theory : reward, punishment

Humanistic approach to Personality Abraham Maslow : Needs are universal  human behavior  holistic. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs : Physiological/biological needs Safety needs Social needs : belonging and love needs Esteem needs Self-actualization needs

Assignment Give examples of defense mechanisms among the people you know. Give your views and analysis.