Constitutional Monarchy in England Chapter 11 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

Essential Questions Define English Restoration What was Charles II religious goal? Explain what type of ruler James II was.’ What was the Glorious Revolution? Define the Writ of Habeas Corpus. What was the act of union? What is a Limited Constitutional Monarchy? How did the Limited Constitutional monarchy weaken the kings power?

Restoration Parliament asks Charles II to England because Oliver Cromwell's son Richard was a weak leader. The Stuart Family monarchy was restored. This would be the rebirth of the English culture. Was a quiet ruler who tried to avoid confrontations.

House of Stuart Crest Charles II

Charles II cont. He sought to increase tolerance for Catholicism & worked to get rid of the legal restrictions that parliament had imposed against the faith. He would lose the religious fight for Catholicism. He had no children Charles II by Grinling Gibbons (1676), Royal Hospital Chelsea.

Succession James – Charles younger brother was in line to be the next king. James II Strict Roman Catholic Less flexible leader His attempts to help Catholics frightened protestants Parliament knew they needed to get him to step down.

Political Parties Whigs- wanted to get rid of James, scared of a Catholic lead country. Tories- wanted James II to stay in control & backed the Anglican Church and Catholic views.

Succession to the Throne James II 1st Marriage 2nd Marriage Mary Anne James III

Why is this significant? Glorious Revolution William II and Mary II- Parliament elects as joint rulers Bloodless transfer of power Why is this significant?

William III Mary II

Government Changes King and Queen were subject to the laws People wanted to have freedoms and began to fight and argue for them. Writ of Habeas Corpus: States that a person could not be jailed unless they were tried for a crime. English Bill of Rights- declared Parliament had the right to declare who would be king. King and Queen were subject to the laws This was an enforced version of the “Petition of Right” Unfair bail or face cruel and unusual punishment Protected every citizen

Change in Government The Parliament became essentially stronger than the King & Queen. Toleration act- Granted some religious freedoms. Did not protect Catholics or Jews Act of Settlement Kept Catholics from becoming King

Change in Government More Power to Parliament King’s created cabinet positions Helped advise king At first both Whigs and Tories would share equal spots in the cabinet and William III would make it the majority in Parliament would be in the cabinet.

Act of Union 1707- Parliaments of England and Scotland passed that the two countries would unite as Great Brittan. Removed trade barriers Created strong trading ports Fishing villages Increased wealth

Constitutional Monarchy King becomes even weaker: First Lord of Treasury Held the title of was the real head of the government. Would later be called Prime Minister Limited Constitutional Monarchy Monarch was the head of state. Royal powers, however, were clearly limited by the British constitution. King or Queen had to consult Parliament.