Chapter 3 Material of Fashion

The main content of this lesson What is textile fibers? Textile fiber character Classification of fibers Nature Fibers

The question: what are the main material about fashion? Fibers Yarns fabrics

3.1 Textile fibers Textile fibers exist in nature or are created through technology.

3.1.1 What is a textile fiber? Fiber is a long, thin strand of material.

A fiber is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibers are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabrics.

3.1.2 Textile fiber character: Fineness( ) Flexibility( ) Sufficient strength Durability( ) to withstand conditions(

3.1.3 Classification of fibers Natural fibers Natural fibers are taken from animal, vegetable, or mineral sources. Manufactured fibers Manufactured fibers are chemically produced.

Major Classification Of Natural Fibers NATURAL FIBERS CELLULOSE MINERAL PROTEIN asbestos Seed Hair Bast Leaf Animal Hair cotton linen wool silk kapok cashmere camel mohair

3.1.4 Natural Fibers 1.Cotton a.History: from India and Pakistan

b. Economic importance of cotton production: Worldwide more cotton is used than any other fiber.In 1997 cotton accounted for 43% of total world fiber consumption. China was the largest producer, growing 24.3% of the world total.followed by the United States (16%), India (15%), Pakistan (9%).

c. Properties of cotton Physical properties: -Color:white to tan( ) - Luster( ):low

-Shape:the diameter may range from 16 to 20 microns, lumen

Mechanical properties -Strength:weaker than flax and stronger than rayon( ), 10 to 20% stronger when wet than when dry. -Modulus( ):high, similar to that of polyester -Elongation and Recovery( ): low, wrinkle( ).

Chemical reactivity: Discussion:Talk about the use of cotton

d. Uses Widely uses.In wearing apparel, the qualities of comfort, dyeability and reasonable cost have led to its wide use in articles ranging from underwear to evening gowns. Be blended with other fibers,such as manufactured fibers,flax and ramie.

Naturally colored cotton

2.Flax Bast fibers are those that grow in the stems of plants. The best known of the bast fibers is linen, which comes from the flax plant.

a. History: from 4000B.C.countries exporting the largest quantities of linen are Poland, Ireland, China,France and so on.

b. Preparation of the fiber retting( ) three types: Dew( ) retting water retting chemical retting

c. Properties of the fiber Color:light cream( ) to a dark tan( )

Mechanical properties -Strength:one of the strongest of the natural fiber, 20%stronger when wet than when dry. -Modulus:high - Elongation and recovery( ):low -Flexibility: stiff

d. uses Linen fabrics are found in wearing apparel and in household textiles.

3.Sheeps wool b. Types of wool About two hundred different breeds and crossbreeds of sheep. The sheep produces the most valuable and finest wool is the Merino( ), 30%of wool production. Comes from Spain and the largest production in Australia.1 to 5 inches, fine and elastic. Four groups of sheep.

d. Wool harvesting and processing Shearing -In spring season -Lamb(s wool: softer and finer -Best comes from sides and shoulders. Preparation for spinning -Scouring -Carbonization

g.Properties of Wool Physical properties -Color: white to creamy white to light beige, yellow, brown, and black. Easy to dye. -Shape: to 70 microns in diameter, outer layer consists of a fine network of small overlapping scales, in felting and in shrinkage

Mechanical Properties: -Weak -High elongation and recovery, -Stretch easily and low modulus Chemical Properties -Chemical reactivity

h.Uses -For cold-weather clothing, winter coats, warm sweaters, and mens and womens suits. -In home: carpets, blankets

b. Wool consumption Worldwide the market demand for wool fibers dropped from 6% in 1977 to 3% in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa are major producers of wool.

Homework: Look for some knowledge about silk include history,properties and so on.