Chapter 5 The ATOM Democritus (400 BC) reasoned that all things were made up of indivisible particles: ATOMS Dalton (1766-1844) performed experiments Atomic.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5 The ATOM Democritus (400 BC) reasoned that all things were made up of indivisible particles: ATOMS Dalton (1766-1844) performed experiments Atomic Theory All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called ATOMS Atoms of the same element are identical, but different from other elements Atoms of different elements can physically or chemically combine in whole number ratios Chemical reactions occur when atoms are joined, separated, or rearranged. But atoms of one element ae never changed into atoms of another element.

Atoms are really, really small A copper coin has about 2.4 x 10^22 atoms 24,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms

Atomic Structure Electrons (JJ Thompson 1897) -negative charge -Millikan calculated the weight and charge of the electron in 1916 Protons and Neutrons -Protons (Goldstein 1886)are Positive and about 1840 times the size of an electron -Neutrons (Chadwick 1932) are Neutral and have about the same weight as a proton Rutherford 1911: Most of an atom is empty space, positive charge centered in the nucleus

Atomic Number On the periodic table Tells number of protons and electrons Mass Number -On the periodic table -unit = AMU (atomic mass units) -Number of protons + neutrons -to find the number of neutrons, MASS NUMBER – ATOMIC NUMBER

Isotopes Atoms that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons are called ISOTOPES Will have same ATOMIC NUMBER, but different MASS NUMBER Example: Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 Both have an atomic number of 6, but the mass numbers are different

Atomic Mass Most elements occur as a mixture of two or more isotopes. The atomic mass of an element is a weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element

Your Project You are going to write a book to explain early atomic theory and structure to elementary children. Part one: Atomic Theory You must include: Dalton’s Atomic Theory, JJ Thompson, Rutherford, and Bohr. Part Two: Parts of the periodic table Where to find atomic symbol, mass, and number How to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Grading I am grading this for completion and ‘appearance’ For full credit, you MUST include all of the required pieces, the book must be neat and organized, and the information must be correct and clearly stated. Opportunity for bonus: Go above and beyond? You’ll earn points on your midterm!