CHEMISTRY December 16, 2014 CHEMICAL BONDS

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IMPORTANT DATES DUE TODAY THURSDAY – LAB WINTER ORNAMENTS AND PERIODIC TABLE MURDER MYSTERY THURSDAY – LAB FRIDAY – QUIZ ON PERIODIC TABLE

AIM In a chemical reaction between lithium and chlorine, what types of ions will be formed? State your claim and provide evidence.

VOCABULARIES CHEMICAL BOND IONS CATION ANION OCTET RULE

CHEMICAL BOND attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain one or more atoms.

ION An atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge.

CATION a neutral atom loses one or more electrons and has a net positive charge.

ANION a neutral atom gains one or more electrons and has a net negative charge.

OCTET RULE atoms tend to combine in such a way that each atom has 8 electrons a neutral atom loses one or more electrons and has a net positive charge.

LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE - ATOMS Element Lewis Dot Structure Li   Ne Cl Mg

LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE - IONS Element Lewis Dot Structure Symbol Lithium ion   Chloride ion Oxygen ion Magnesium ion

QUESTION 1 What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

ANSWER 1 atom is the smallest unit of an element. Atom is neutral and has the same number of protons and electrons ions are electrically charged particle in which number of electrons do not match number of protons

QUESTION 2 How many valence electrons does a chlorine atom have?

ANSWER 2 7

QUESTION 3 How many valence electrons does a chloride ion have?

ANSWER 3 8

QUESTION 4 Using the table above, name one cation and one anion.

ANSWER 4 Cation = lithium ion and magnesium ion Anion = chloride ion and oxygen ion (oxide) NOTE: if cation just add element name and ion NOTE: if anion add “IDE”

QUESTION 5 Lithium is part of what group? What is the trend for elements in this group in terms of forming ions?

ANSWER 5 ALKALI METAL (GROUP 1) FORMING ANIONS WITH A CHARGE OF -1 (LOSE ONE ELECTRON)

QUESTION 6 Chlorine is part of what group? What is the trend for elements in this group in terms of forming ions?

ANSWER 6 GROUP 17 (HALOGEN) CATIONS WITH A CHARGE OF + 1 (GAIN ONE ELECTRON)

QUESTION 7 Based on the number of valence electrons for each element, why don’t elements in the Noble Gas Group readily form compounds with other elements?

ANSWER 7 OCTET RULE NOBLE GAS RULES ALREADY HAVE 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS SO ALREADY STABLE.

AIM PROMPT WRITE YOUR RESPONSE TO THE AIM PROMPT In a chemical reaction between lithium and chlorine, what types of ions will be formed? State your claim and provide evidence.