History and Approaches

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Presentation transcript:

History and Approaches Unit 1

Intro Brains – most incredible thing Minds – not physical, but it’s there Psychology somehow meshes the two. Psychology: systematic study of human behavior and mental processes. Everything biological is psychological; everything psychological is biological.

Roots Ancient days – Buddha, Confucius, Hebrew scholars spoke of the mind broadly Ancient China – exams for gov’t jobs Ancient Greeks Socrates & Plato used logic to say knowledge is innate; body & mind are separate (called “dualism”) Aristotle disagreed, said knowledge comes from observing Skip a bunch of years to…

Roots, continued Renaissance, around 1500 Rene Descartes – agreed with Socrates & Plato; interested in the body & mind interaction; dissected animals and saw nerves Francis Bacon – put scientific method to use – hypothesis, procedure, observation, conclusion; this agreed with Aristotle John Locke – spoke of “tabula rasa” (blank slate) – said we’re born with blank minds, then add to them

Early Psychology Wilhelm Wundt, 1879 – first psychology lab; studied reaction time… first time you hear the sound vs. first time you’re aware of hearing sound (.2 second vs .1 second) Early “schools of thought”: 1. structuralism 2. functionalism 3. behaviorism 4. Gestalt psychology 5. psychoanalysis

Early Psychology, continued 1. Structuralism – Edward Bradford Titchener (student of Wundt) Focus on “structure of the mind” Used “instrospection” – he asked people to describe physical objects (like a rose) Subjective – with opinions, emotions Objective – no opinions, emotions; just facts Structuralism gave lots of info, but…? Too subjective, too unreliable. It fizzled out.

Early Psychology, continued 2. Functionalism – William James Focused on function of the body. James came from the evolutionary approach (Charles Darwin had just done his thing.) Evolution is all about survive, find a mate, reproduce, pass on genes, repeat Ex.: the nose  function is to smell (this could help above) Mary Calkins – admitted to Harvard, denied PhD. Later president of APA Margaret Floy Washburn – 1st female PhD in psych, president of APA

Early Psychology, continued Gestalt psychology “The whole is more important than the parts.” Huh? Pictures explain it best.

Modern Approaches (or perspectives) Psychoanalysis – we’re driven by the unconscious Evolutionary – survive, mate, pass on genes Behavioral – behavior based on reinforcements (like rewards) Cognitive – focus on thinking, logic Humanistic – love/respect helps people reach their full potential Socio-cultural – focus on differing cultures Biological – focus on human body, especially the brain, chemicals Biopsychosocial – a mix

Psychology sub-fields (there are many) https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse/ap-psychology Psychometrics – measures abilities Educational psychologists – how we learn/teach Social psychologists – how we interact in groups Industrial-organizational – advise businesses Counseling – help people with issues Psychiatrists – are different they are medical doctors and thus can prescribe medication Test tomorrow (25 questions, multiple choice)