Final Exam Grammar Review

Skills that will be on the final Introductory Clause Comma Hyphenated Words Semi-colon/Colon

Hyphenated Words Use a hyphen to separate two adjectives that are equally modifying a noun; Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a single adjective before a noun This is different than words of equal rank Hyphenated adjectives: brown-eyed girl or chocolate-covered peanut

Hyphenated Words Also use a hyphen for numbers twenty-five thirty-eight

Hyphens - Prefixes Use a hyphen with the prefixes ex- (meaning former), self-, all-; with the suffix -elect; between a prefix and a capitalized word; and with figures or letters: ex-husband self-assured mid-September all-inclusive anti-American T-shirt pre-Civil War mid-1980s

Introductory Clause When a dependent clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate the dependent clause from the independent clause Remember: Always identify the independent clause first DC,IC IC;IC IC,FANBOYS IC ICDC IC:IC

Introductory Clause examples With an adverb: When I went to the movies, I spilled popcorn all over my date. Eventually, we will all master comma rules. With a preposition: In the classroom, you can find 28 Juniors anxiously waited for summer to begin. At the end of the school year, I hope that all of my students pass.

Semicolons Use a semicolon to combine two independent clauses that are related: After the heated scene in the hotel (pun definitely intended), Gatsby’s relationship with Daisy was over; the significance of the green light diminished. Use a semicolon to outrank commas in a list: This week's winners are Joe from Reno, Nevada; Diane from Phoenix, Arizona; and Matt from Irvine, California.

Semicolons cont. Use semicolons to combine sentences with a transitional adverbs and phrases like however, therefore, indeed; “for example,” or “in other words”. Remember, using a comma with a transitional adverb creates a comma splice, which is a fragment. I have a test tomorrow; therefore, I can’t go out tonight. I have a test tomorrow; in other words, I’m staying in for the night.

Colons Use a colon to introduce a list after a complete sentence. I need you to pick up a couple of things from the grocery store: milk, eggs, cheese, and bread. Use a colon to combine two sentences. The first sentence should introduce the second, or the second should further explain the first. This can also be used for quotes Make sure you know how to use colons: forgetting how to use a colon can make you irritable. (pun intended) Fitzgerald’s final words in The Great Gatsby speak to the impossibility of the American Dream: “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past (180).”