Early Civilizations of Ancient India 2000-1750 B.C.

4 Ancient Civilizations Why did these civilizations begin where they did? The River Road. The benefits the river offered: fresh water, rich soil, ease of transportation, and trade. What river did people settle on in Egypt? The Nile River What river did people settle on in Mesopotamia? The Tigris River and the Euphrates River. What river did people settle on in China? The Yellow River and the Yangtze River What river did people settle on in India? The Indus River

The Harappan Civilization. Why do you think the people located the villages where they did? Cities grew up on rivers because it was easy to ship food, metals, food, and other goods up and down the water. It was much easier to go by water than to drag heavy loads over land. 2000 BC - 1750 BC

Trade with Mesopotamia

Sophisticated urban centers Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Had dynamic trade with Mesopotamia and China.

Indus Valley Farming The farmers grew grain, fruit, melons, and cotton. He used water buffalo and elephants to work his fields.

Harappans worshipped cattle and Shiva

Seal , Harappa Harappan writing has not yet been deciphered

Undecipherable to date. Indus Valley Script Undecipherable to date.

Aryans: “Noble People” Indo-Europeans The Vedas Hinduism

Harappa Mohenjo-Daro Cities In the Indus Valley were deserted around 1750 B.C. They haven’t found clues about why people stopped living there. Archaeologists found the ruins of the great citadels.

Citadel Of Mohenjo- Daro Cities in the Indus Valley were built around huge circular mounds called citadels. They were strongholds built of mud bricks baked hard in ovens.

Aerial View The citadel cities were some of the biggest in the world. Mohenjo-Daro had over 40,000 people living in it.

Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro

The houses were very comfortable The houses were very comfortable. They had courtyards, toilets, and drains.

Cities very sophisticated with advanced sewage systems

Public Well They could haul water up out of their wells, rather than going all the way to the river for water.

The Great Bath Large public baths, like big swimming pools, meant that everyone could stay clean and cool.

Bath Area

Drain, Harappa The drains took waste out of the houses, down into the deep gutters that ran along the streets.

A main street

A granery

Necklace and Pottery

Bison Seal and Horned god seal

A Male Head Dravidian

A Priest-King

Burial Pottery, Harappa

Male Skeleton Archaeologists found skeletons lying in the street as though people died right there in the road and weren’t even buried.

Female Skeleton with Child

\ “The Hunter and the Quail” What was the lesson in this story mean? The citadel cities were defeated by invaders because they stayed independent and separate from each other.

Aryan Migration Indus valley people were farmers. Maybe if the cities of the Indus Valley had been united together by a great warrior into one kingdom, they would have survived. Indus valley people were farmers. Aryans were warriors with horse-drawn chariots.

Early Civilizations of Ancient India Ancient India- From 2000 in India to 1750, Citadel forts against invaders were nifty.