Lecture: Covering chapter 1

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture: Covering chapter 1 Unit 1 Motion and Forces Lecture: Covering chapter 1

CHAPTER 1

The Scientific Method 6 steps 1. State the problem 2. Research 3. Form hypothesis 4. Test hypothesis 5. Analyze data 6. Draw conclusions

Hypothesis A hypothesis is a testable statement It is NOT a question Ex: My plant will grow taller when it is given milk than when it is given water.

Experiments Your hypothesis is tested in your experiment In the experiment you will have an independent variable As it changes, it affects the dependent variable Ex: the taller I am (independent) the farther I jump (dependent)

Constants and Controls The variables that do not change in your experiment are called constants Ex: which melts faster, sugar or ice? Constant: flame, container, distance to heat source A control is what you use to compare your experiment to Ex: Medicated group compared to the placebo group

Theory verses Law Theory Explanation Has undergone a great deal of testing Can be changed and adapted as needed Law Explains how natural phenomena works Always gets the same results

SI System of Measurement Length meter m Mass gram g Time second s Temperature kelvin k

Common SI prefixes Kilo- 1,000 (bigger) 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams Milli- 0.001(smaller) 1,000 milligrams= 1 gram Centi- 0.01 (smaller) 100 centimeters = 1 meter

Converting between units How many milligrams are in 60 kilograms? How many centimeters are in 15 millimeters?

Volume Volume is the amount of space an object takes up Volume= length × width × height Know that 1mL = 1 cm3 What is the volume of an object which measures 5cm by 15cm by 20 cm?

Density Density is mass divided by volume Mass is measured in grams Volume is measured in cm3 or mL What is the density of an object that weighs 10g and has a volume of 2mL?

Kelvin and Celsius Kelvin is the SI unit for temperature To calculate Kelvin, simply add 273 to the temperature in Celsius Absolute zero is 0 Kelvin Absolute zero therefore is -273°Celsius

Line graphs vs. Bar graphs

Line graphs are used to measure data compared to time The X axis is time (horizontal) The Y axis varies (vertical) Bar graphs are used to compare data Pie graphs are used to compare percentages