Black History “The Fight for Equality” Background-African-American Struggle for Equality Key African-American Figures in History Assessment 200 Word Essay How have African Americans Shaped the United States we Know Today?

Slave Trade Route

Plantation In The United States Slaves were bought or bred in the plantation Worked on the land for raw goods Cotton Sugar Tobacco Slaves were punished if work was not up to standard

Underground Railroad Code name for trails that lead to safe houses until escapees reached north Harriet Tubman Made 13 trips to the South Helped 70 escape to the North Would reach Canada No slavery Still Discriminated

Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857 Scott went on a trip with his master Dr. John Emerson Went from a slave state to free state Tried to gain citizenship Went to Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property and so could never gain citizenship 13 amendment would later cancel this ruling

Jim Crow Laws Education The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately. Florida Intermarriage The marriage of a person of Caucasian blood with a Negro, Mongolian, Malay, or Hindu shall be null and void. Arizona Nurses No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which negro men are placed. Alabama Burial The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons. Georgia Child Custody It shall be unlawful for any parent, relative, or other white person in this State, having the control or custody of any white child, by right of guardianship, natural or acquired, or otherwise, to dispose of, give or surrender such white child permanently into the custody, control, maintenance, or support, of a negro. South Carolina

Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Canceled Plessey v. Ferguson case “Separate but equal” Schools could no longer be segregated

EARLY AFRICAN-AMERICAN LEADERS Frederick Douglas Escaped slavery Social reformer Wrote about life as a slave Supported women's suffrage

EARLY AFRICAN-AMERICAN LEADERS Booker T. Washington Born into slavery Did not challenge segregation Pushed education Pushed for economic advancement Employment Owning land Having businesses

EARLY AFRICAN-AMERICAN LEADERS W.E.B. Du Bois First African American to get PH. D from Harvard Sociologist Challenged Booker T Washington Be more political to change laws A founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

EARLY AFRICAN-AMERICAN LEADERS Madam C. J. Walker First African American Millionaire Designed hair care products for African women Opened salons and showed other women how to start their business

20TH CENTURY AFRICAN-AMERCIAN LEADERS Vivian Thomas Worked with Dr. Alfred Blalock Surgical technician Worked on “Blue Baby” Showed the medical world it was ok to work on the human heart

20TH CENTURY AFRICAN-AMERCIAN LEADERS Martin Luther King Jr. Clergyman – Baptist Non violent protest Civil disobedience Nobel Peace Prize

20TH CENTURY AFRICAN-AMERCIAN LEADERS Malcolm X X- Lost tribal name Nation of Islam El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz Any means necessary to protect ones self

TODAY’S AFRICAN-AMERCIAN LEADERS Oprah Winfrey Born into poverty Miss Black Tennessee Beauty Pageant Started in Radio People Are Talking AM Chicago – Oprah Winfrey show Aimed at middle America and focused on self help 2010 net worth 2.4 billion

TODAY’S AFRICAN-AMERCIAN LEADERS Barack Obama Harvard Law Civil rights attorney 44 United States President Democrat Obama Healthcare