What can you infer from this cartoon?

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Presentation transcript:

What can you infer from this cartoon? What are DNA mutations? What can you infer from this cartoon? Nuclear radiation causes mutations, mutations result in physical changes

POLYMORPHISMS Subtle differences as a result of differences in genes

POLYMORPHISMS Subtle differences as a result of differences in genes

When are polymorphisms considered mutations? Polymorphisms are only considered mutations when they are not a part of the normal variation in the species. When they are not a part of the normal variation in the species.

List some questions you have regarding this topic. Generating Questions List some questions you have regarding this topic. Guide student to inquire about causes, types and effects

What CAUSES DNA Mutations?

passed down from parents through egg and sperm Causes 1 – Hereditary passed down from parents through egg and sperm

happen during an organism’s lifetime Causes 2 - Acquired happen during an organism’s lifetime

Causes 2 - Acquired a. DNA copying error

b. environmental agents damage DNA Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

b. environmental agents damage DNA Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

b. environmental agents damage DNA Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

b. environmental agents damage DNA Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

b. environmental agents damage DNA Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

b. environmental agents damage DNA Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

b. environmental agents damage DNA Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

What are the TYPES of DNA Mutations?

Types of DNA Mutations 1. POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR POINT POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR, FRAMESHIFT – INSERTION OR DELETION OF ONE OR MORE BASES 1. POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR

Types of DNA Mutations FRAMESHIFT MUTATION POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR, FRAMESHIFT – INSERTION OR DELETION OF ONE OR MORE BASES 2. FRAMESHIFT – INSERTION OR DELETION OF ONE OR MORE BASES

Types of DNA Mutations Point Frameshift Missense: Nonsense: Use the Mighty Mutations Maker to describe each of these: http://nature.ca/genome/04/0413_e.cfm Point Missense: Nonsense: Same-sense/Silent: Frameshift Insertion: Deletion: Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

Single base/amino acid change Types of DNA Mutations POINT - MISSENSE Single base/amino acid change Missense Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

Types of DNA Mutations POINT - NONSENSE Creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Nonsense Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

POINT - SAME SENSE/SILENT Types of DNA Mutations POINT - SAME SENSE/SILENT No change in protein Same Sense/ Silent Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

FRAMESHIFT - INSERTION Types of DNA Mutations FRAMESHIFT - INSERTION Addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Frameshift/ Insertion Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

Deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift Types of DNA Mutations FRAMESHIFT – DELETION Deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift Frameshift/ Deletion Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

FRAMESHIFT – DUPLICATION A whole codon is repeated Types of DNA Mutations FRAMESHIFT – DUPLICATION A whole codon is repeated Frameshift/ Duplication Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Deletion – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift