Welcome to Physics-131 Physics-I

TARIQ H. GILANI PENN STATE UNIVERSITY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MILLERSVILLE UNIV. ASSISTANT PROF (2002). PENN STATE UNIVERSITY STATE COLLEGE, PA (2000) ----- POST DOC. JOHN CARROLL UNIVERSITY CLEVELAND, OH (2001) ----- VISITING ASS. PROF. PhD ---- KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN (1997). Office: R 236 (STB) Ph. 871-7449 E-mail: tariq.gilani@millersville.edu

Welcome to Physics 131 Text: Physics, 10th Edition, Cutnell and Johnson Lab Notebook: Bound Lab Notebook, quad ruled, (9.75” x 7.5”). Please bring this lab notebook to your first meeting. A scientific calculator. Reference Books: 1. Physics, 2nd Edition, Urone. 2. Physics For Scientists and Engineers, 4th Edition, Serway. 3. University Physics, 10th Edition, Young & Freedman.

Lectures Discussion Problems Demonstrations Purpose It is an introductory algebra-based course. To become familiar with basic ideas of physics – Mechanics, Heat, Energy, Waves and Sound. The primary focus will be on concepts Class Lectures Discussion Problems Demonstrations Each Lab must be satisfactorily completed to pass this course

Exams and Grading There will be Four in-class exams during the semester (Each Friday). In addition to the exams, laboratory and Homework Assignments will be considered. Each of these counts towards your final grade as follows: Tentative Dates In-class exams 80% Every Friday Attandance 5% -------- Labs: 15% ------------------- Each Lab must be satisfactorily completed to pass this course

Labs You must complete all lab work. Missed Work Assignments All assignments will be online (If there is any) Labs You must complete all lab work. Missed Work If you miss a lab or exam for any reason, you must contact your instructor as soon as possible for arrangement. My phone # 871-7449, e-mail: tariq.gilani@millersville.edu Department office: 871-4297 (In case you have difficulty in finding me)

Grading Scale 90-100% A 65-69.9% C+ 85-89.9% A- 60-64.9% C 80-84.9% B+ 55-59.9% C- 75-79.9% B 50-54.9% D+ 70-74.9% B- 45-49.9% D <45% F The minimum score for any grade may be lowered based on the difficulty of quiz or examination questions.

Syllabus and Other Information http://sites.millersville.edu/tgilani

What is Phys 131? Physics Mechanics Heat and Energy Waves and Sound

Physics tells us the rules of the universe. What is Physics? Physics --- Study of basic nature of matter and the interactions that govern the behavior Observing and understanding the Physical world ----- Physics is most basic of all sciences. It predicts “how nature will behave in particular situation on the basis of experiments. Space Science Transportation Industry Electronics and Computer Science Medical Equipments Physics tells us the rules of the universe. In Physics How to see the world? Use reasoning Apply the Physical Principles To enjoy more!!

Measurements Experiments involve the measurements of quantities Measurements must be accurate, precise and reproducible First step --- defining units Research needs communication among international researchers Common Language --- System of Units How small an atom is? System of measurements SI CGS BE SI is most widely used Along with few more are base Their units are basic units All other units are derived Length, Mass and Time

MKS CGS BE Length Mass Time Metric Units Main Advantage Meter (m) centimeter (cm) foot (ft) Mass Kilogram (Kg) gram (g) Slug (Sl) Second (s) Time Second (s) Second (s) Metric Units Length -------- meters (mm, cm, km,…) Mass --------- Kilograms (mg, cg, g, …) Time ---------- seconds (ns, ms, …) Main Advantage Conversion within the system is quite easy 1 Kg = 1000 g 1 g = 1000 mg

English System Metric system SI System (International system): 1999--- NASA’s Mars climate orbiter became a victim of confusion. Cost US$125 million SI System (International system): Three basic units of measurements Length or distance Meter (m) Mass Kilogram (kg) Second (s) Time SI System or MKS system

Kilometer (km) centimeter (cm) Mega meter (Mm) millimeter (mm) Giga meter (Gm) micrometer (m) nanometer (nm) Power of 10 Example: 100,000 = 105 and 0.00001 = 10-5 1000 = 103 1Million = 106 1 Micro = 10-6 and so on To multiply 102X106 = 105X10-7 = To divide 102/106 = 105/10-7 = The universe is only seconds old A Million Trillion seconds 106X1012 = 1018s

Commonly used Metric Prefixes Prefix Figure Scientific Words Notation giga = 1000,000,000 = 109 = 1 billion mega = 1000,000 = 106 = 1 million kilo = 1000 = 103 = 1 thousand centi = 1/100 = 0.01 = 10-2 = 1 hundredth milli = 1/1000 = 0.001 = 10-3 = 1 thousandth micro = 1/1000,000 = 10-6 = 1 millionth nano = 1/1000,000,000 = 10-9 = 1 billionth

Can you tell with out using calculator? How many inches are there in 6 miles? How many meters are there in 6 km? How small an atom is? Pretty small 1 Million (106) atoms if put together can not be bigger than this period at the end of this sentence. 1970 --- First direct evidence of atom using SEM 1983 --- First 3-D image of an atom was obtained using STM Atoms were dragged and arranged to write the name of laboratory (IBM).

Whatever system of units you use --- be consistent Can not mix ---- length in ft and mass in kg A quantity is always expressed by a number and its units (if it has) Distance --- units of length Speed in units of length divided by units of time Dimensions Dimension of Length Dimension of Time Dimension of speed = L T S = Dimension Analysis First check of mathematical relation Mathematical relation must have same dimensions on both side of the equation

Example Dimensions X is distance v is speed t is time X = ½ v t L H S 2 Dimensions L H S R H S L T T 2 L = L T Relation is wrong X = ½ v t has the right dimensions

Trigonometry Basic Relations h2 = ho2 + ha2 Hypotenuse h opposite ho Adjacent ha opposite ho Basic Relations h2 = ho2 + ha2

Scalars and Vectors Scalar --- Quantity that need magnitude only Mass, Volume, Temperature Vector --- Quantity that need magnitude and direction Force, displacement Arrow --- direction Length --- magnitude 2 Km due East 4 Km due East Vector is represented by Boldface letter or Arrow on the symbol A or A A scalar is represented by italic symbol A A vector has magnitude and direction A = 2 m due west Magnitude = 2 m

Vector Addition Magnitude and direction When all vectors are in the same direction A = 2 m due East and B = 5 m due East Their resultant R = A + B = 7 m due East When two vectors are pointing opposite North A = 2 m East B = 5 m West => R = 3 m West Perpendicular vectors R A = 2 m East B = 5 m North B West East A R = [A2 + B2]1/2 Direction Degrees North of East South

Graphical Method Subtraction Draw Vector A Draw vector B starting at the arrow of A R (= A + B) is from tail of A to head of B Measure the Length and angle of R Must use same scale Subtraction A – B = A + (- B) Multiplying a vector with -1 magnitude remains the same while direction is reversed => A = 2m East -A = 2m west

Vector Components Along x-axis x-component y-component Along y-axis A Ay A = 2 Km at 30 o North of East Ax X-axis Ax = A Along x-axis Ay = A Along y-axis

Adding by Vector components A = 2 Km 30o North of East B = 3 Km 60o North of East Ax = 2 Cos (30o) Bx = 3 Cos (60o) By = 3 Sin (60o) Ay = 2 Sin (30o) Rx = Ax + Bx Ry = Ay + By R = [R2x + R2y ]1/2

Units ---- SI System (length  m, Mass  Kg and Time s). Summary Units ---- SI System (length  m, Mass  Kg and Time s). Dimensions --- First check of Mathematical relation. Trigonometry --- Cosine, Sine and Tangent functions. Scalar and Vector Quantities. Scalar can be described completely by magnitude Vector needs direction along with magnitude to be fully described. Vector Addition and Subtraction Graphical Method Vector Components Method

Conceptual Questions (FOC): 8, 15, 17 Problem 6, 15, 37, 40, 46 and 49 Practice Are two vectors with the same magnitude necessarily be equal? Conceptual Questions (FOC): 8, 15, 17 Problem 6, 15, 37, 40, 46 and 49