The Cell Cycle and Protein Synthesis

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Presentation transcript:

The Cell Cycle and Protein Synthesis Chapter 5 The Cell Cycle and Protein Synthesis

I. Language of Genes 1. Four nucleotides 2. Three nucleotides make a codon 3. Sets of codons make genes

I. Language of Genes 4. Genes are necessary to make proteins 5. During reproduction, a complete copy is made of all the genes and is given to each new organism.

II. DNA 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid Double helix Composed of nucleotides 2. Nucleotide parts a) Sugar b) Phosphate c) Base

II. DNA 3. Nucleotide bases a) Adenine b) Thymine c) Cytosine d) Guanine

II. DNA 4. Replication a) Process used to make a copy of the DNA molecule b) Enzymes “unzip” the DNA into two halves c) Other nucleotides will join up with their normal pairing partners

III. RNA Ribonucleic acid Formed through transcription Similar molecule to DNA Formed through transcription

DNA RNA Double helix of nucleotides Contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine Sugar is deoxyribose Single chain of nucleotides Thymine is replaced with uracil Sugar is ribose

2. Transcription DNA unzipped RNA nucleotides lined up with one side of the DNA DNA rezips RNA leaves nucleus

III. RNA 3. Two types: a) messenger RNA (mRNA) b) transfer RNA (tRNA)

III. RNA mRNA tRNA Carries the code located on the DNA to make the proteins Carries the amino acids that will make up the proteins

III. RNA mRNA tRNA

IV. Protein Synthesis (Translation) 1. Proteins are assembled at ribosomes a) mRNA carries code to the ribosomes b) tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes

IV. Protein Synthesis (Translation) c) Amino acid chains are formed d) Chains are folded and twisted to form the 3D shape of the protein

IV. Protein Synthesis (Translation)

Folding for 3D Shape

Putting it all Together!

Putting it all Together! Transcription a) DNA to mRNA b) Occurs in nucleus Translation mRNA to amino acid chain Occurs in cytoplasm

Irreducible Complexity 1. All of the pieces have to be in place at the same time to produce a protein. 2. Life cannot exist without proteins. 3. God designed each organism’s DNA molecules.