#5 - How does the battle of Antietam change the scope of the war. 11

Who’s the boss? Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, & Jeb Stuart continue to defeat the Union August 1862 Second Battle of Bull Run The new Union General John Pope is defeated at Second Battle of Bull Run General McClellan is rehired as the head of the Union Army

September 1862 Battle of Antietam Sharpsburg, Maryland Antietam Creek Cigar box - - Union discovers Lee’s plan of attack

Battle of Antietam General Lee’s Reasons for Attacking (Offensive Strategy – a big gamble!) 1) He was desperate for supplies for his army 2) The South would get International Recognition

Antietam “Burnside Bridge” “Bloody Lane”

Results of the Battle of Antietam Lee’s army leaves the battlefield in bad shape The Southern army is weak and vulnerable, but McClellan does not attack which could have possibly ended the war McClellan is fired by Lincoln again

Lincoln’s reply to abolitionist Horace Greeley re: Confiscation Acts Lincoln is fighting a political battle. “My paramount object in the struggle is to save the Union, and it not either to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it…..What I do about slavery….I do because I believe it helps to save the Union.” If Lincoln wants to change the goal of the war, he must have a military victory.

Lincoln’s Reasons for Issuing the Emancipation Proclamation 1) Get rid of the Rebels slave labor 2) Gave Northerners a worthy cause to fight for 3) 185,000 blacks joined the Union Army, mostly as laborers or spies 4) Ended the possibility of England or France joining the South Cotton is no longer King, it is now King Wheat

Lincoln Issues the Emancipation Proclamation Effective January 1, 1863 It freed only the slaves in rebel states WHY? Lincoln was acting as Commander-in-Chief with this military order, it was not a legislative act.

The South’s Reaction Jefferson Davis said it destroyed $4 billion in property. Made reunion impossible

Issues with Great Britain The Trent Affair American warship stopped the HMS Trent and removed 2 Confederate diplomats