Sodium glucose transport modulation in type 2 diabetes and gastric bypass surgery  Gregory Baud, M.D., Violeta Raverdy, M.D., Caroline Bonner, Ph.D., Mehdi Daoudi, Ph.D., Robert Caiazzo, M.D., Ph.D., François Pattou, M.D.  Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases  Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 1206-1212 (July 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.04.022 Copyright © 2016 American Society for Bariatric Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Active sodium glucose transporters and facilitated glucose transporters in the intestine and in proximal renal tubules. SGLT2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; GLUT2 = glucose transporter 2. Adapted from Wright [4]. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 2016 12, 1206-1212DOI: (10.1016/j.soard.2016.04.022) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Bariatric Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Differences in (A) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), (B) body mass index (BMI), and (C) all-cause mortality observed between standard care and intensive glucose control over 4.9 years (meta-analysis of the 17,267 participants in the UKPDS, PROactive, ADVANCE, VADT, and ACCORD studies) (adapted from Ray et al [21]); SGLT2 inhibitors over 3.1 years (4687 participants in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study) (adapted from Zinman et al [27]); and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass over 3.9 years (6132 participants in the NDR-SOReg study) (adapted from Eliasson et al [26]). SGLT2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter 2. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 2016 12, 1206-1212DOI: (10.1016/j.soard.2016.04.022) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Bariatric Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Intestinal glucose handling in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. (A) Sodium-glucose cotransport is blunted in the bile-deprived alimentary limb. (B) Bile and others gastrointestinal fluids bring sodium in the biliary limb. (C) SGLT1-mediated glucose transport occurs only in the common limb. Adapted from Baud et al. [48]. SGLT1 = sodium-glucose cotransporter 1; GLUT2 = glucose transporter 2. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 2016 12, 1206-1212DOI: (10.1016/j.soard.2016.04.022) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Bariatric Surgery Terms and Conditions