Real costs for example business economic costs Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) - broader basis for decision in Integrated Waste Management - € $ Costs & benefits to the society? Impact? Market prices? € $ Costs for environmental damage? $ Real costs for example business economic costs Costs that are not (fully) reflected in market prices for example effects on the environment

A model for CBA of waste management Production of used material, collection of products, costs for waste management Business economic costs + Estimated by use of LCI and different weighting methods Environmental costs Environmental costs: The environmental costs are calculated by first estimate the environmental loads by using life cycle inventory analysis (LCI), and then estimate the associated environmental costs through parallel use of different weighting methods. The (external) environmental costs are then obtained through subtracting the internalised costs, e.g. environmental taxes. Other externa costs: In the analyses performed by CIT Ekologik, the time spent in the households have been included as an external cost. For assessing the costs of the time used for source separation, a combination of indirect internal costs in the form of lost production and external costs that are estimated as willingness to pay to avoid spending spare time on source separation are used. Time use for e.g. source separation and use of living space + Other external costs = Socio economic costs

Case study Waste management of glass, metal, plastics, and newsprint within producer’s responsibility Waste management alternatives Material recycling Incineration with energy recovery Landfill Whether material recycling is beneficial from an socio-economic point of view depends on how the time used in the households is valuated. - the business economic costs are the same or higher for material recycling compared to incineration/landfill (with exception for newsprint) - the environmental costs are lower for material recycling compared to incineration/landfill. Results Depends on the valuation of the time used for sorting. The time used must be valued low if material recycling shall be socio-economic beneficial Material recycling is benefical from an environmental point of view.