BELL RINGER What is the largest single cell on earth?

Largest Single Cell on Earth? Ostrich Egg

The Cell

The discovery of cells… In late 1600s, an English scientist, Robert Hooke used a primitive microscope to look at a very tiny slice of cork. He noticed that the cork was made up of "a great many of little boxes" and he called those little boxes "cells".

All living things are made of cells. The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells.

Number of Cells REVIEW Although ALL living things are made of cells, organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize into tissues, etc.

Types of Cells Cells, the basic units of organisms, can only be observed under microscope Three Basic types of cells include: Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Prokaryote Cell without a nucleus. Example: Bacteria

Eukaryote Cell with a nucleus. Example: Plant and Animals Cells

Organelles: Perform various functions inside the cell Organelles: Perform various functions inside the cell. “little organs” Human Body Analogy

Animal Cell Mitochondria (bean with Bacon) (attached) Ribosome Centrioles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear membrane Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus Smooth Mitochondria Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) (attached) Mitochondria (bean with Bacon)

Plant Cell Chloroplast (bean with burgers) Smooth endoplasmic Vacuole Nuclear membrane Ribosome (attached) (free) Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast Vacuole Chloroplast (bean with burgers)

Attention: You will need to know the organelles their analogies and their functions for the next test.

Cell Membrane Controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell. Phospholipid bilayer “Front Door”

Cytoplasm (not an organelle- but important) Fluid portion of cell where organelles live. “Floors/foundation”

Cytoskeleton (Microtubules) Framework of the cell. Holds organelles in place “Support Beams”

Nucleus The control center of the cell. DNA is stored here. “Supervisor”

Nucleolus Makes ribosomes inside the nucleus “Factory Workers”

Ribosomes Where Protein synthesis takes place Ribosomes are “free” and/or “attached” to the E.R. “Machines”

Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports materials throughout the cell. “Conveyor Belt”

Golgi Apparatus The protein packaging and transport center of the cell. “Shipping Department”

Mitochondria Converts Glucose to ATP ENERGY!!! “Powerhouse!”

Lysosome (Animal cells only) Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell. “Custodians”

Vacuole (Large in plant cell) Storage for water and food. “Storage Closet”

Cell Wall (Bacteria and plant cells) Rigid and strong wall. Protects and maintains the shape of the cell. “Outer Wall”

Chloroplast (Plant Cell Only) Where Photosynthesis takes place. Converts Sunlight to Glucose “Solar Panels”

Centrioles Manages Cell Division “Secretary”

Bell Ringer: If a microscope has an eyepiece (x10), Low Power (x20) and High Power (x35)…what would the total magnification be for Low and High Power Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse? What is the largest Cell on Earth?