The Skeletal System – Chapter 5 Parts of the skeletal system Divided into two divisions Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

Functions of Bones Hematopoiesis

Bones of the Human Body Osseous tissue Two types of bone tissue: Figure 5.2b

Classification of Bones 1. Long bones Examples:

Classification of Bones 2. Short bones Examples:

Classification of Bones 3. Flat bones Examples:

Classification of Bones 4. Irregular bones Example:

Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1

Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Figure 5.2a

Structures of a Long Bone Periosteum Sharpey’s fibers Arteries Figure 5.2c

Structures of a Long Bone Articular cartilage (Articular – relates to the joints) Figure 5.2a

Epiphyseal Plate

Structures of a Long Bone Medullary cavity Infants – Adults – Figure 5.2a

Quick Write Draw and label bone: Diaphysis Epiphysis Periosteum (what do I do??) Sharpey’s fibers (what do I do??) Articular Cartilage (what do I do??)

LET’S DO THE CHICKEN DANCE!!!!!!

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Osteon (Haversian System) Central (Haversian) canal Volkmann’s (perforating) canal

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Lacuna – Canaliculi – Lamella – Detail of Figure 5.3

Quick Write How do osteocytes receive nutrients?

Changes in the Human Skeleton Ossification Cartilage remains in isolated areas (hyaline, fibro, elastic, articular)

Types of Bone Cells Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts remake entire skeleton about every 10 years – 10%/year

Bone Growth Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood

Stages of Bone Growth

Bone Remodeling Dependent on:

Bone Fractures Closed (simple) fracture – Open (compound) fracture – Treatment:

Common Types of Fractures – (p. 137) Table 5.2

surgery

Broken bone kickboxing wr medical

Repair of Bone Fractures (diagram)

STOP

Bone Markings Bulges, depressions, and holes that serve as: Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons Joint surfaces Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

Bone Markings (see table pg 134) Categories of bone markings A. Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surface “T” B. Depressions or cavities – indentations “F” CHICKENS SOON TO COME…….

Bone Markings: Projections – Sites of Muscle and Ligament Attachment Tuberosity – rounded projection Crest – narrow, prominent ridge of bone Trochanter – large, blunt, irregular surface Tubercle – small rounded projection Epicondyle – raised area above a condyle Spine – sharp, slender projection Process – any bony prominence

Bone Markings: Projections – Projections That Help to Form Joints Head – bony expansion carried on a narrow neck Facet – smooth, nearly flat articular surface Condyle – rounded articular projection Ramus – armlike bar of bone

Bone Markings: Depressions and Openings Meatus – canal-like passageway Sinus – cavity within a bone Fossa – shallow, basin-like depression Foramen – round or oval opening through a bone