Exposure of circumflex branches in the tilted, beating porcine heart: Echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular deformation and the effect of right.

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Exposure of circumflex branches in the tilted, beating porcine heart: Echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular deformation and the effect of right or left heart bypass Paul F. Gründeman, MD, PhD, Cornelius Borst, MD, PhD, Cees W.J. Verlaan, Huub Meijburg, MD, PhD, Chantal M. Mouës, MD, Erik W.L. Jansen, MD, PhD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 118, Issue 2, Pages 316-323 (August 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70222-9 Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Exposure of posterior vessels by vertical displacement of the beating porcine heart with the Octopus tissue stabilizers,5,10 which were mounted to the sternal retractor. Note the omniplane ultrasound probe that was fixed between the suction tentacles (arrow). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 316-323DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70222-9) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Echographic cross-sectional areas (left panels) and M-mode images (right panels) obtained during 90-degree anterior displacement (DISPLACED) and subsequent head-down positioning (+ TRENDELENBURG). VS, Ventricular septum; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle. The ultrasound probe was positioned between 2 Octopus tentacles and aligned to the posterior wall (ANATOMIC). Note the severe deformation of the RV on cardiac retraction (arrow, DISPLACED) and the partial recovery of RV cross-sectional area after the Trendelenburg maneuver. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 316-323DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70222-9) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Relative changes in hemodynamic parameters and RV and LV cross-sectional areas during vertical displacement of the beating porcine heart with the Octopus tissue stabilizer (study I) and the effect of mechanical circulatory support on displacement (study II). Statistical comparison with control values: *P < .05, **P < .01, #P < .001. n.m., Not measured; erroneous readings from the ultrasound aortic flow probe caused by turbulent flow from LHB cannula. DIS, Displaced; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; RHB, right heart bypass; LHB, left heart bypass. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 316-323DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70222-9) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions