Unit 1 Evolution Section 4 Evolution Access Biology

Units in Evolution What is a Living Thing? Vocabulary Vocabulary with websites Evolution Evolution of Populations Artificial Selection Activities and Labs

Essential Questions/ Big Ideas What are organisms? How do you define a living thing? What is evolution? Who was Charles Darwin? How did his theory of Natural Selection impact the way we think about evolution? What are adaptations and how can they impact a species’ survival?

Standards SC.912.L.15.In.5 Recognize that some living things produce very large numbers of offspring to ensure that enough survive to continue the species (a condition for natural selection). SC.912.L.15.Su.5 Recognize that some living things, such as fish and turtles, produce very large numbers of offspring because most will die as a result of dangers in the environment before they grow up. SC.912.L.15.Pa.3 Recognize that animals produce offspring. SC.912.L.15.13 Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive, which result in differential reproductive success. SC.912.L.15.In.3 Identify that there are scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth. SC.912.L.15.Su.3 Recognize that there are scientific explanations of how life began. SC.912.L.15.Pa.1 Recognize that plants and animals change as they age. SC.912.L.15.8 Describe the scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth. SC.912.L.15.In.4 Recognize ways that the appearance of humans, their language, and their tools have changed over time. SC.912.L.15.Su.4 Recognize that humans have changed in appearance over a very long period of time. SC.912.L.15.10 Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors six million years ago to modern humans, including brain size, jaw size, language, and manufacture of tools SC.912.L.15.In.1 Identify that prehistoric plants and animals changed over time (evolved) or became extinct. SC.912.L.15.Su.1 Match fossils to related species. SC.912.L.15.14 Discuss mechanisms of evolutionary change other than natural selection such as genetic drift and gene flow.

What is Evolution? Evolution is change over time. Modern organisms descended from ancient ones.

Where did the Theory of Evolution come from? In the early 19th century, science was revolutionizing the world! Geologists were saying the Earth was ancient and changed over time. Biologists were suggesting life had also changed, or evolved over time. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Charles Darwin Charles Darwin gave the world a scientific explanation for the diversity of life. He proposed that modern organisms evolved through descent from common ancestors.

Darwin was invited to sail on the HMS Beagle’s five-year voyage mapping the coastline of South America. Darwin planned to collect specimens of plants and animals on the voyage.

More about Charles Darwin

Darwin’s Theory Darwin focused on 3 patterns: Species vary globally Species vary locally Species vary over time His theory confirmed that the living world is constantly changing.

1. Species Vary Globally Darwin noticed that different but similar species lived in separate but similar habitats around the world. Darwin wondered why 2 species would be similar but not identical. Ostrich in Africa Rhea in South America

Examples of species varying globally Bears Examples of species varying globally Penguins What variations do you see? Can you name some other animals that vary?

2. Species Vary Locally Different but related species live in different places within a general area. He saw so many differences within the same species when he visited the Galapagos Islands Hook Island Tortoise v Isabela Island Tortoise

Examples of Species varying locally How do these vary? Rabbits? Beetles? Birds?

3. Species Vary Over Time Darwin didn’t just study living species…he studied fossils. He noticed that the fossil record included extinct animals that were similar but different from living animals.

Example of change over time

10 Ways Creatures Will Evolve in 100 Years

Natural Selection Darwin noticed that individuals within a species are different. Individuals with features more suited for their environment will survive and reproduce. Individuals with features less suited for their environment will die off without passing on their genes.

Natural Selection and Darwin

Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection Darwin was convinced that more offspring could be born then could survive…members of species would have to compete to survive. This was based on 2 Factors: Adaptation: inherited trait that increases a member’s ability to survive. Variation: certain inherited variations are better suited to live in certain environments.

Factors Darwin said variations and adaptations affect fitness- how well an organism can survive and reproduce. This is also known as “Survival of the fittest” These animals have developed: Strong teeth and jaw Sharp claws Ability to Camouflage

Let’s check what you have learned…

Natural Selection Darwin named his theory Natural Selection Organisms in nature with variations and adaptations to fit the environment they live in are most likely to survive and leave offspring. Occurs when more individuals are born than can survive. Natural Selection

What is Natural Selection?

How does Natural Selection work?

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Adaptations Click on image to read a book on adaptations from Tarheelreader.org

Adaptations

Adaptations

Adaptations

Click on image for link Extension Activity

Overview of Evolution

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