Catabolisms of triacylglycerols and phospholipids.

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Presentation transcript:

Catabolisms of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. 1

Synthesis of Triacylglycerols (TGs) and Glycerophospholipids (GPLs) Glycerol 3-phosphate can be obtained either by the reduction of dihydroxyecetone phosphate (primarily) or by the phosphorylation of glycerol (to a lesser extent). 2

Formation of phosphatidate Two separate acyl transferases (AT) catalyze the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate. The first AT (esterification at C1) has preference for saturated fatty acids; the second AT (esterification at C2) prefers unsaturated fatty acids. 3

Phosphatidic acid (phosphatidate) is an common intermediate in the synthesis of TGs and GPLs Phosphatidate can be converted to two precursors: - diacylglycerol (precursor for TGs and neutral phospholipids) - cytidine diphosphodiacylglycerol (CDP-diacylglycerol) (precursor for acidic phospholipids) 4

Phospha- tidyl- etha-nolamine Synthesis of TGs and neutral phospholipids Phospha- tidyl- etha-nolamine Triacyl-glycerol Phosphatidylcholine 5

Synthesis of TGs Diacylglycerol can be acylated to triacylglycerol (in adipose tissue and liver) Enzyme: acyltransferase 6

Synthesis of neutral phospholipids CDP-choline or CDP-ethanolamine are formed from CTP by the reaction: CTP + choline phosphate  CDP-choline + PPi CTP + ethanolamine phosphate  CDP-ethanolamine + PPi Diacylglycerol react with CDP-choline or CDP-ethanolamine to form phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine 7

8

Synthesis of acidic phospholipids 9

Phosphatidylinositol can be converted to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate which is the precursor of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 10

Interconver-sions of phosphati-dylethanol-amine and phospha-tidylserine 11