SPI Compatible Devices Design and implementation details on the way to a valid SPI-LCD interface driver

SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada To be tackled today What is SPI? What is the SPI “master slave” relationship? How do you send commands from the Blackfin to a LCD device? What commands are necessary to control the LCD device -- HD44780? 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada What is SPI Serial Parallel Interface – an industry standard SPI is a serial communication bus developed by Motorola. It is a full-duplex protocol that functions on a master-slave paradigm that is ideally suited to data stream application. DUPLEX MEANS – BOTH DIRECTIONS AT ONCE Master can receive from the slave at the same time as the master sends to the slave Is essentially a 4 wire high speed system, with speeds up to many MHz Blackfin (p10-8) has a register SPI_BAUD where they talk about transfer rates of 25 MHz. Information is précised from SPI information -- http://www.totalphase.com/docs/articles/article03/ LCD information -- http://home.iae.nl/users/pouweha/lcd/lcd.shtml 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Advantages and drawbacks SPI is a very simple communication protocol. It does not have a specific high-level protocol which means that there is almost no overhead. Data can be shifted at very high rates in full duplex mode This makes it very simple and efficient in a single master single slave scenario. The exchange itself has no pre-defined protocol. This makes it ideal for data-streaming applications. Data can be transferred at high speed, often into the range of the tens of megaHertz. The flipside is that there is no acknowledgment, no flow control, and the master may not even be aware of the slave's presence / or absence. You could do “some” handshaking via software 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada Systems that use SPI The question is of course, which peripheral types exist and which can be connected to the host processor. Peripheral types can be subdivided into the following categories: Converters (ADC and DAC) Memories (EEPROM and FLASH) Real Time Clocks (RTC) Sensors (temperature, pressure) Others (signalmixer, potentiometer, LCD controller, UART, CAN controller, USB controller, amplifier) 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Concept of Master and Slave The component that initiates the transfer The component that controls the transfer Slave The component that responds to the transfer 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Master / Slave concept Slave Select (Chip Select) Master sends out active low chip select signal SS1, then slave 1 responds Master sends out active low chip select signal SS2, then slave 2 responds 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Master / Slave concept Master to Slave data movement Master sends out information to slave on MOSI wire Slave receives information from the master on MOSI wire Information (bits) is clocked by SCLK signal. 1-bit, 1 clock tick MOSI --MASTER OUT – SLAVE IN 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Master / Slave concept Slave to Master data movement Master receives information from slave on MISO wire Slave sends information to the master on MISO wire Information (bits) is clocked by SCLK signal. 1-bit, 1 clock tick MISO --MASTER IN – SLAVE OUT 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Lab. 4 concept – Using an SPI interface to an LCD screen SPI_TDBR Blackfin Processor SPI_RXBR SLAVE SELECT PF5 used (PF0 to PF7) SPI CLOCK MOSI MISO SLAVE OUTPUT INTERFACE SLAVE INPUT INTERFACE LOAD Slave to LCD DATA SWITCHES (LOGIC LAB) CONTROL LCD SCREEN CJ7 / CJ8 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Lab. 4 interface From Blackfin GET PIN ORDER CORRECT OR NOTHING WORKS SPI lines (MOSI, CLK, PF5) 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada Lab. 4 -- Essentials (concept) of the Blackfin – LCD interface software char HipHipArray[ ] = “Merry Christmas to all”; SetUp_SPI_Interface(Baud_Rate); // Configure the SPI interface // Activate SPI interrupts – register_handler for SPI_ISR, set SIC_IMASK LCD_Display (WHICH_LCD, “CONTROL”, “CLEAR_SCREEN”); UseFixedTimeASM(Enough_Time_For _LCD_To_Work_ClearScreen); for (int count = 0; count < strlen(HipHipArray); count++) { LCD_Display (WHICH_LCD, “DATA”, HipHipArray[count]); // Transmit the information we want from the array // one character at a time UseFixedTimeASM(Enough_Time_For _LCD_To_Work_DataSent); } 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

LCD_Display (int, char*, char *); Concept – not actual implementation LCD_Display (int lcd, char * type, char *operation) { if (strcmp(type, “COMMAND”) == 0) { if (strcmp(operation, “CLEAR_SCREEN”) == 0) ClearScreen( ); if (strcmp(operation, “……..”) == 0) Do……..( ); } if (strcmp(type, “DATA”) == 0) { if (strcmp(operation, “DISPLAY_TEMPERATURE”) == 0) DisplayTemperatureOnLCD( ); // Recursive call to LCD_Display else WriteLetter(operation[0]); // First character 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Example Commands Could we send commands like this? char *LCDcommands[ ] = {                    "COMMAND", "INIT_LCD",                    "COMMAND", "CLEAR_SCREEN",                      "COMMAND", "MOVE_TO_LINE_1",                    "COMMAND", "CLEAR_LINE_1",                    "DATA", "4",     // This number is a 2 character string '4' and '\0'                    "DATA", "1",     // This number is a 2 character string '1' and '\0'                    "DATA", "5",     // This number is a 2 character string '5' and '\0'                      "COMMAND", "MOVE_TO_LINE_2",                    "COMMAND", "CLEAR_LINE_2",                   "DATA", "TEMPERATURE_DISPLAY"                    NULL, NULL}; 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada What we need to know! How do we make the LCD screen respond to control requests? Clear screen, move cursor, next line etc How do we make the LCD screen respond to data requests? Display letter a, b, C, 1, 2, (, ?, h etc How do we get Blackfin SPI interface to send the LCD screen those commands? How to we initialize the Blackfin SPI interface so all the above things work? 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

What about the voltages that must go to the LCD? Discussed those in the last lecture 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada LCD Instruction set 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

0 through 9, ( ) etc – all the same? 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Is this a possible solution? Writing “Hello” to the LCD ClearScreen( ); UseFixedTimeASM( ); CursorIncrease( ); UseFixedTimeASM( ); DisplayOn( ); Use FixedTimeASM( ); WriteLetter(‘H’); CursorMove( ); WriteLetter(‘e’); etc. General concept is there, The exact details will have to wait a while QUESTION! What happens if you send a CursorMove( ) command? If you send CursorMove( ) and wait too long -- do you get two cursor moves? If so – how do you stop that from happening? 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Where does Blackfin fit in? ClearScreen( ); This means that the following bits must be sent RS = 0, R/W = 0, DB7=DB6=DB5….DB1 = 0, DB0 = 1; from Blackfin SPI interface to LCD Possible solution -- Let us send out the ushort value 0x0001 from the Blackfin and arrange the wires from the interface to go to the LCD connections correctly Top 8 bits of ushort value – LCD control Bottom 8 bits of ushort value – LCD data Page 10-17 -- SPI Transmit Data Buffer Register SPI_TDBR – 16-bit read/write register. Data loaded into this data register is automatically transmitted over the SPI interface if the SPI interface is enabled for transmission. 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Blackfin transmits 16 bits with THIS format over the MOSI line DB7, DB6, ………DB1, DB0 E – Enable / Strobe 1  0 – When this line goes from high to the low, then the command is send to (latched into) LCD To make LCD respond to command 0x4F0 Then Blackfin must transmit 0x5F0 ( E High ) 0x4F0 ( E low ) 0x5F0 ( E high ) RS 1 – LCD data 0 – LCD instruction R/W 1 – Read from LCD 0 – Write to LCD 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Is this a possible solution? ClearScreenASM( ) Initialize the SPI interface in main( ) P0.L = lo(SPI_TDBR) – SPI transmit data buffer register P0.H = hi(SPI_TDBR) R0 = 0x0001; // LCD ClearScreen instruction [P0] = R0;  Not correct – TDBR is 16-bit R0 = some_value; Call UseFixedTimeASM; // Wait for LCD to be done 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Is this a POSSIBLE solution? WriteLetterASM(char whichletter) P0.L = lo(SPI_TDBR) – SPI transmit data buffer register P0.H = hi(SPI_TDBR) R1 = 0x400; // Write data instruction // Need to make line RS = 1 for data R0 = R0 | R1; // R0 contains 8-bit letter W[P0] = R0; // Send data and control // to LCD device R0 = some_longer_value; Call UseFixedTimeASM; // Wait for // LCD 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Questions still unanswered How do we configure the SPI interface inside the Blackfin? How do we activate the chip-select line – PF5? Does activating the PF5 line as SPI output control mean we have to change all the SetupPF8to11ASM( ) and other routines? When do we activate the chip-select line, and how long for? How do we know when LCD is ready for next character – do we poll a bit and wait till ready, or can it be done in the background? How do we stop multiple commands from being accidentally sent to LCD? -- cursor move etc Could be a problem if we “wait too long”. Perhaps multiple commands get sent to the LCD screen We know the answer to the last question from the last lecture Set the command with the EN bit high Send the command with the EN bit low // Data goes into LCD on transition HI / LOW of EN-Bit Send the command with the EN-bit high 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

Code MIGHT look like this then WriteLetterASM(char whichletter) Save registers R7 and P5 properly to stack (how?) P5.L = lo(SPI_TDBR) P5.H = hi(SPI_TDBR) R7 = R0; // which letter came in R0 R1 = 0x500; // Write data instruction // Need to make line RS = 1 for data and E = 1 R7 = R7 | R1; W[P5] = R7; // Send data and control to LCD device R0 = some_longer_value; Call UseFixedTimeASM; // Wait for LCD to complete command R1 = ~0x100 // Remove the E signal R7 = R7 & R1 W[P5] = R7 Now add back the E-signal and store into W[P5] again 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada

SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada Tackled today What is SPI? What is the SPI “master slave” relationship? How do you send commands from the Blackfin to a LCD device? What commands are necessary to control the LCD device -- HD44780? 12/30/2018 SPI and LCD , Copyright M. Smith, ECE, University of Calgary, Canada