A Changing Culture Essential Questions: Do Now: Homework:

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Presentation transcript:

A Changing Culture Essential Questions: Do Now: Homework: Why did many German and Irish immigrants travel to the United States in the mid-1800s? What was the overall message of the Second Great Awakening, and how did it affect American society? How did writings of this time reflect American society? Do Now: Answer the questions on the board in your notebook. Homework: Lesson 3: Reforming Society pg. 171

Americans’ Ancestry

Push Factors for Immigration Reasons why someone would want to LEAVE their home country War, religious or political persecution, overcrowding, poverty, lack of jobs

Pull Factors for Immigration Qualities about US that attract people TO America Jobs, chance for wealth, religious and political freedom, cheap land, chance to start over, adventure

Immigrants in US 1820s – 500,000 1840s – 2,500,000 1850s – 2,700,000 Immigrants by decade 1820s – 500,000 1840s – 2,500,000 1850s – 2,700,000

Irish Potato Famine Potatoes were main source of food for Irish Disease killed most potatoes between 1845-1850 Resulted in famine Millions of Irish left for US

Irish in America Settled mostly in cities – Boston or New York Some worked on canals or railroads Faced tremendous prejudice

Germans in America Famine and Napoleonic wars caused immigration Came to escape dictatorship in Austria Many moved to mid-west on farms

Second Great Awakening In the early 1800s, many church leaders worked to revive Americans’ commitment to religion Second Great Awakening New religious groups emerged Unitarians, Universalists Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Some Americans in the 1830s concluded that society had corrupted human nature solution was to separate from society and form a utopia. Shakers, a utopian religious group, believed in social and spiritual equality for all members.

New Religious Groups And Communities Unitarians and Universalists: Unitarians believed Jesus was a great teacher but not the son of God. Universalists rejected the idea of hell. Mormons: Followers of Joseph Smith believed God is coming and that they should prepare his kingdom. Shakers: Shakers believed in communal life and spiritual equality. Their community could only grow through converts. Utopians: In “utopian” communities, individuals owned no private property.

American Ideal Americans saw themselves as an example for the world to follow Wanted to create ideal society Religious Revivals Unitarians, Shakers, Millerites Charles Finney Revival preacher inspired need to save souls Charles Finney

Transcendentalists Believed people needed to understand themselves Truths “transcend” human understanding Ralph Waldo Emerson Poet and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson

Transcendentalists Henry David Thoreau Lived on Walden Pond Wrote Essay on the Duty of Civil Disobedience Inspired Gandhi, MLK and others Argued against slavery