Fall of the Roman Republic

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Presentation transcript:

Fall of the Roman Republic

Questions to be Answered Who killed Julius Caesar and why? What was the impact of the Roman civil wars? How did Rome fair under Augustus Caesar?

Fall of the Roman Republic 100 BC 50 BC 20 BC 82 BC Sulla becomes dictator of Rome 44 BC Group of Senators murder Julius Caesar 27 BC Octavian becomes Rome’s first emperor

Trouble in the Republic The Roman army was victorious where ever it went, but problems were at home.

Trouble in the Republic Problems at Home Officials stole money The gap between rich and poor widened Cities were overcrowded and dangerous Thousands of farmers faced ruin

Trouble in the Republic Rich vs Poor Patricians were still the most powerful class Farmers were sinking into poverty because they were always off fighting wars Others suffered damage to their farms from Hannibal’s invasion

Trouble in the Republic Rich vs Poor Small farmers were unable to compete with wealthy Romans who were buying up land to create Latifundia Latifundia-Large farm estates

Trouble in the Republic Rich vs Poor The rich land owners brought captured soldiers to Rome for labor enslaving thousands. Using these slaves forced smaller farmers out of business because of undercut pricing, and lowering wages

Trouble in the Republic Rich vs Poor Jobs were hard to find Enslaved people did most of the work. Roman politicians were worried about that riots breaking out from low wages.

Trouble in the Republic Rich vs Poor To win the vote of the poor the politicians began providing cheap food and entertainment for the poor. This policy of “Bread and Circus” aided many dishonest rulers come to power

Trouble in the Republic Why reform failed Not all of the wealthy ignored the plight of the poor. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus thought Rome’s problems stemmed from the loss of small farms

Trouble in the Republic Why reform failed They asked the Senate to take back public land and give it back to the small farmers. Many senators were among those that had parcels of public land

Trouble in the Republic Why reform failed These Senators were only interested in their own welfare and fought the proposals of Tiberius and Gaius . A group of senators eventually murdered Tiberius and Gaius

Trouble in the Republic Army enters Politics Until 107 BC the military stayed out of politics In that year a military leader Marius became Consul

Trouble in the Republic Army enters Politics Small farmers were disappearing and they filled the ranks of the army Marius began recruiting soldiers from the ranks of the poor.

Trouble in the Republic Army enters Politics In return for their service he promised them wages and land. Marius changed the army from volunteer to paid professionals

Trouble in the Republic Army enters Politics They motivated by material rewards not by duty They felt loyalty to the general, not the Roman Republic This gave generals clout to be involved in politics

Trouble in the Republic Army enters Politics This lead to generals becoming political rivals Marius faced a challenge from another general named Sulla

Trouble in the Republic Army enters Politics In 82 BC Sulla drove his enemies out of Rome and declared himself dictator

Trouble in the Republic Army enters Politics Sulla changed the government Weakened the council of Plebs 2 Strengthened the Senate 3 Then stepped down from office

Trouble in the Republic Army enters Politics Sulla wanted Rome to heal its wounds and recapture its glory What Sulla did was plunge Rome into civil war for another 50 years Quiz 8-3A