Atopic sensitization in the first year of life

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Atopic sensitization in the first year of life Martin Depner, PhD, Markus J. Ege, MD, Jon Genuneit, MD, Juha Pekkanen, MD, PhD, Marjut Roponen, PhD, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, PhD, Jean-Charles Dalphin, MD, PhD, Vincent Kaulek, PhD, Susanne Krauss-Etschmann, MD, Josef Riedler, MD, Charlotte Braun- Fahrländer, MD, Caroline Roduit, MD, MPH, Roger Lauener, MD, Petra I. Pfefferle, PhD, DPH, Juliane Weber, MD, Erika von Mutius, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 131, Issue 3, Pages 781-788.e9 (March 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048 Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Selection of the study population. In the recruited sample of 1133 children, complete IgE data at birth, at 12 months, and in mothers were available for 793 (378 farm and 415 nonfarm) children. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Detectable specific IgE at birth and at 12 months. Prevalences of detectable specific IgE are given in percentage at 2 cutoffs: A, IgE level of 0.2 IU/mL or greater; B, IgE level of 0.35 IU/mL or greater. Significant differences between the 2 time points (at birth and in the first year) are marked as follows: *P < .05 and **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Proportions of persistent, incident, and transient sensitization to several allergen specificities for IgE levels of 0.2 IU/mL or greater. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Pathway diagram of incident (n = 272), transient (n = 89), and persistent (n = 77) sensitization for IgE levels of 0.2 IU/mL or greater. Absolute numbers (or percentages) are given for children who stay negative for IgE production (IgE−), start, abolish, or continue IgE production (IgE+) within the first year. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Detectable specific IgE stratified by farm and reference children. A, Prevalences of detectable specific IgE given in percentages at IgE levels of 0.2 IU/mL or greater. B, Prevalences of new cases of specific IgE, ie, IgE-positive children at 12 months who were negative for the respective IgE specificities at birth. C, Prevalences of lost IgE, ie, IgE-negative children at 12 months who were positive for the respective IgE specificities at birth. D, Prevalences of persistent IgE cases, ie, IgE-positive children at 12 months who were positive for the respective IgE specificities at birth. Significant differences between farm (white bars) and reference (black bars) children are marked as follows: *P < .05 and **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Associations between child’s and maternal sensitization. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 Levels of positive controls over time. Positive controls were used to standardize IgE measurements. A, Adjusted levels of positive controls are given over time for measurements in cord blood (black circles) and at 12 months (red triangles). B and C, Adjusted levels of positive controls for IgE measurements at birth (Fig E1, B) and at 12 months (Fig E1, C) are given separately for children with and without any specific IgE at 12 months. Levels of positive controls were adjusted for study center, study group, and version of measurement software after logarithmic transformation. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 Detectable specific IgE at birth and at 12 months stratified by center. A, Prevalences of detectable specific IgE levels of 0.2 IU/mL or greater. B, Prevalences of detectable specific IgE levels of 0.35 IU/mL or greater. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 Detectable specific IgE at birth and at 12 months stratified by center. A, Prevalences of detectable specific IgE levels of 0.2 IU/mL or greater. B, Prevalences of detectable specific IgE levels of 0.35 IU/mL or greater. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E3 Paths of new onset, loss, or persistence of IgE production (cutoff, 0.2 IU/mL) restricted to children whose mothers were not sensitized to the same allergens. Absolute numbers (or percentages) are given for children who continue to have negative results for IgE production (IgE−) or start, abolish, or continue IgE production (IgE+) within the first year. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E4 Paths of new onset, loss, or persistence of IgE production (cutoff, 0.2 IU/mL) stratified by the study groups farm children (A) versus reference children (B). Absolute numbers (or percentages) are given for children who continue to have negative results for IgE production (IgE−) or start, abolish, or continue IgE production (IgE+) within the first year. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E5 Paths of new onset, loss, or persistence of IgE production (cutoff, 0.2 IU/mL) stratified by the broad categories of sensitization against seasonal, perennial, and food IgE. Absolute numbers (or percentages) are given for children who continue to have negative results for IgE production (IgE−) or start, abolish, or continue IgE production (IgE+) within the first year. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 131, 781-788.e9DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.048) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions