Chapter 5- Civil Rights Objective – Students will be able to answer questions regarding civil rights. SECTION © 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.

14th Amendment (1868) American Government Forbids any state to “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Sex, race, ethnicity, age, disability, sexual preference

Civil Rights History African Americans American Government African Americans Jim Crow Laws – segregated community de jure (by law) and de facto (by reality) Plessy v. Ferguson – separate but equal NAACP – 20th century push for rights Brown v. Board of Education – “separate but equal” unconstitutional Civil Rights Act of 1964, 24th Amendment (poll tax), Voting Rights Act 1965

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Public accommodations Schools American Government Voting Public accommodations Barred discrimination Schools Gov can force desegregation though litigation Employment Federal Funds

Civil Rights History Native Americans American Government Native Americans 2 million people live on “reservations” Push for more sovereignty on their land Ex. – gambling operation rights Art. 1, Sec. 8 – commerce clause give Congress right to regulate Indian tribes

Civil Rights History Latino/Latina Rights American Government Latino/Latina Rights 37 million in US (about 10 million in 1980) Mexican – 15million-rights issues include Bilingual education programs, immigration Puerto Rican – 2.7 million-PR is a commonwealth of US, citizens can move freely back and forth, not represented in Congress, don’t have to pay federal income tax

Civil Rights History American Government Cubans – 1960s, many fled communist takeover by Castro, “wet foot, dry foot” policy Central and South American – political trouble is driving people to US, face similar bilingual and immigration issues

Civil Rights History Asian American 8 million in US, 40% of immigrants American Government Asian American 8 million in US, 40% of immigrants Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 – lasted through WWII WWII – Japanese racism – internment Korematsu v. US (1944) 1980s reparations for internment

Women and Equal Rights American Government Seneca Falls Convention – 1848 – beginning of women’s suffrage movement 19th Amendment – 1920 – Women gained the right to vote

Women and Equal Rights Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) 1972 American Government Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) 1972 “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US or any State on account of sex.” Roe v. Wade (1973) – women’s freedom to choose abortion

Women and Equal Rights Civil Rights Act (1964) American Government Civil Rights Act (1964) Title VII – prohibits gender discrimination in employment, extended to sexual harassment Comparable worth – “equal pay for equal work” Title IX – provide equal funding for all programs that receive federal funding

Rights for Older Americans American Government Age discrimination illegal Age Discrimination in Employment Act raised the general compulsory retirement age to 70 AARP – interest group – large influence

Homosexual Rights American Government 1993 – “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” – gay rights to be in the military Lawrence v. Texas (2003) – law against homosexual action violated due process of 14th Amendment – “life, liberty, and property” Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)- right to marry is guaranteed to same sex couples via the due process and equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

Rights for Disabled Americans American Government 17% of Americans have a disability Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - illegal to discriminate based on disability Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 – protect disabled rights – SC has somewhat limited this act

Reverse Discrimination American Government Equality of opportunity vs. equality of results – Do civil rights require the absence of discrimination OR require racial balance? University of California v. Bakke 1978 – strict quotas unconstitutional, race can be a criteria for admission to a public institution

Section Assessment Describe what the 14th Amendment has to do with civil rights. Describe one piece of legislation or Supreme Court case that has influenced the civil rights of… a) African Americans b) Women c) Disabled Americans

Summary: In a paragraph, describe what you have learned today.