Labials Linguolabials “voiced, lateralized apical-alveolar/sublaminal-labial double flap with egressive lung air” (Everett 1982)

Dentalveolar Lower articulator Upper articulator Apical Laminal Sub-laminal Upper articulator Dental Alveolar Postalveolar dental alveolar postalveolar

Dentalveolar Lower articulator Upper articulator Apical Laminal Sub-laminal Upper articulator Dental Alveolar Postalveolar dental alveolar postalveolar

Dentalveolar Lower articulator Upper articulator Apical Laminal Sub-laminal Upper articulator Dental Alveolar Postalveolar dental alveolar postalveolar

Diacritics

Palatographs Dental (laminal) Alveolar (retracted) Retroflex (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996)

Retroflex “sublamino-prepalatal” Characteristic of many languages of India

Retroflex (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996)

Palatal “dorso-palatal” Hungarian example

Velar “dorso-velar” Tagalog (has word initial velar nasals) “now” “betel nut mixture” “smile” “to write”