Prof. Dr. Zeliha Büyükbingöl Lipid Metabolism Prof. Dr. Zeliha Büyükbingöl

Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism Cholesterol is important in cell membranes and is the precursor for bile acids, and all steroid hormones, including vitamin D. Cholesterol synthesis occurs mainly in the liver, HMG CoA reductase is the rate limiting enzyme.

Bile Salts and Bile Acids Bile salts are primarly used to emulsify fats. Primary bile acids (e.g.,cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid) are synhesized in the liver from cholesterol. Primary bile acids are conjugated before secretion in the bile with taurine or glycine.

Keton Bodies Synthesis of keton bodies occurs mainly in the liver. Keton bodies are acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutirate. They are used as fuel by muscle, brain and kidneys.

Adipose Tissue The Adipocyte as an Endocrine Organ White Adipose tissue (WAT) Brown Adipose tissue (BAT) Beige Adipose tissue Is adipose tissue an endocrine organ? Adipokines: Adipocytokines include inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8), angiogenic proteins (VEGF), and metabolic regulators (adiponectin; leptin).

Clinical Correlations Dislipidemia Hereditary dyslipidemia Atherosclerotic vascular disease Diabetes mellitus Obesity: Even though statistics showed that people are eating less fat, it was revealed that over the course of the past 20 years the rate of obesity has been steadily increasing

REFERENCES Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations Ed.TM Devlin 6. ed. Wiley-Liss, 2006 Principles of Biochemistry DJ Voet, JG Voet, CW Pratt 3. ed. Wiley , 2008 Rapid Review Biochemistry JW Pelley, EF Goljan 3. ed. Elsevier, 2007