Chapter 7 Immigrants and Urbanization Section 1 The New Immigrants

Through the Golden Door Between 1870 and 1920 over 20 million immigrants arrived in the United States. Why? Famine Land shortage Religious, political persecution

Southern and Eastern Europe Italy Austria-Hungary Russia Religious persecution – Jews in Russia Scarcity of farm land Industrial jobs Ellis Island

Asia China Japan Gold rush Railroads Higher wages Angel Island

Caribbean Islands and Mexico Jamaica Puerto Rico Cuba Mexico Jobs Mexican Revolution Southeastern and Southwestern U.S.

Immigration Restrictions New Immigrants Sought out people who shared common culture, language, religion Difficult to both maintain home culture and become “American” Native Born Nativism – favoritism toward native born Americans Led to anti-immigrant groups and restrictions Right countries – Britain, German, Scandinavia Wrong countries- Slav, Latin, Asian Anti- Catholic, anti- Jew Literacy test???

Anti- Asian Sentiment Gentlemen’s Agreement Chinese Exclusion Act 1907 Japan’s government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers into U.S. in exchange for ending San Francisco segregation order 1882 Congressional Act which banned entry to all Chinese with few exceptions Repealed in 1943