Prentice Hall World History Connections to Today 2010/2011 Ancient Greece Prentice Hall World History Connections to Today 2010/2011

The Rise of the Greek City-States 750 B.C.- Rapid population growth Forces some Greeks to leave their own land and go overseas

Rise of Greek City-States As their world expanded, Greeks created a unique version of the city-state called the polis. Population of city-states is fairly small, so people feel involved Imagine a city on 2 levels…… - Hilltop - acropolis with marble temples dedicated to different gods & goddesses -Area Below- walled main city with marketplace, homes, buildings, and theater

Rise of Greek City-States Between 750 B.C. and 500 B.C., Greeks develop different forms of government. Monarchy- king or queen exercises central power. Aristocracy- rule by the landholding elite. Oligarchy- power held by a small, powerful elite, usually the business class.

Warfare Technological advancement. By c. 650BC, iron weapons replace d bronze weapons. (Iron was cheaper; more people could afford=more soldiers) The Phalanx: a formation of foot soldiers; very hard to attack

Phalanx

Athens vs. Sparta City-states of Athens and Sparta became the two most dominant in Greece Athens = philosophy, political rights of the individual, learning, art, glory in thought and virtue Sparta = stern discipline, military values, glory in fighting

Sparta Had slaves (helots) to work the land Ran by 2 kings and an oligarchy Strict, tough, great warriors Started boys in military school by age 7.

Athens All citizens (males) had a say in gov’t Athens had warriors too, but was more focused on the human individual and experience. The 3 greatest philosophers from the Ancient World came from Athens: Socrates Plato Aristotle

Persian Wars 500 B.C.- Athens is the wealthiest Greek city-state. Persians- conquered a huge empire stretching from Asia Minor to the border of India. They ruled over an area of Greece called Ionia. Ionian Greeks rebel against Persian rule.

Empire of Persia (at its height)

Ionian Greeks

Persian Wars Athens sends ships to help the Ionian Greeks who are rebelling against the Persians. The Persians crush the rebels, but the King Darius- the King of Persia-is still angry at Athens for doing this. So, the King sends a huge force to punish Athens.

Persian Wars- Battle of Marathon Persians greatly outnumber the Athenian forces. Athenian assault was fierce, and the Persians retreated to their ships The Athenians celebrated their triumph.

Persian Wars- Thermopylae Persians send a larger force to conquer Greece. By this time, Athenians had convinced Spartans and other city-states to fight with them against the Persians. Persians landed an army and faced a small Spartan force guarding a narrow mountain pass.

Persian Wars- Thermopylae Spartans were known for holding out heroically against the enormous Persian force. After defeating the Spartans, the Persians marched south and burned Athens. The city was empty because the Athenians had withdrawn to safety

Persian Wars Next major battle is the water…….Greek fleet of ships defeats Persian navy. Finally, the Greeks defeat Persians on land. This victory marked the end of the Persian invasions.

Classwork Directions: You can work with a partner. On your own sheet of paper, answer these questions. For this activity, you & your partner can have the same answers. #3 Under Skills Assessment on p.111 #3,4,5 on p.114