1st Industrial Revolution Moral Economy to Market Economy 1793-1850

Industrialization Eli Whitney 1793- DEVELOPED THE CONCEPT OF USING PRECISION MACHINERY TO PRODUCE INTERCHANGEABLE Cotton Gin- ability to deseed cotton using a machine. 1 pound per day per slave to 50 lbs per day per slave Steam Power and Factory System- PRODUCED SUCH INEXPENSIVE CLOTH THAT MANY WOMEN IN AREA BEGAN TO PURCHASE CLOTH Purchased cloth was easier to work with because you could cut down time on making goods without having to make the Cloth also

Technology Telegraph Roads Steamboats Railroads Canals SPEEDED COMMUNICATIONS -- GAVE RISE TO MODERN JOURNALISM Roads Steamboats CHEAPEST WAY TO TRANSPORT LARGE BULK OF GOODS, ESPECIALLY IF CLOSE TO WATERWAYS FIRST STEAMSHIP IN 1807, GRADUALLY BEGAN TO REPLACE SAILING SHIPS Railroads BEGAN IN U.S. AROUND 1830 BY 1850, 9,000 MILES OF TRACK LAID, MOSTLY IN NORTHEASTERN U.S.-- 10 YEARS LATER OVER 30,000 MILES Canals ERIE CANAL--FIRST REALLY SUCCESSFUL CANAL: CONNECTED NEW YORK CITY WITH GREAT LAKES AND MIDWESTERN STATES CANAL BUILDING SPREAD RAPIDLY IN FOLLOWING

Urbanization NYC Becomes CENTER OF TRADE FOR U.S. MIGRATION - BOTH FROM EUROPE + GRADUAL MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE FROM COUNTRYSIDE TO CITIES (mainly in North vs. South) PEOPLE IN CITIES MOVED FREQUENTLY -- 1/2 OF BOSTON'S POPULATION CHANGED EVERY 10 YEARS

North & South Economy Industry vs. Cotton

Economic Growth ~1750s – an industrial revolution begins in Britain Not all over US though Much more land for farming in the U.S. Northern Colonies focus on industrial growth The increased productivity creates a higher standard of living

Mills 1790 – Samuel Slater opens the first industrial mill in the U.S. 1823 – The mill-town Lowell, MA, relies on female factory workers Read Lowell Mill girls article

Railroads Needed For an industrial revolution to be successful- People would need to be able to borrow money Transportation needed to improve

King Cotton & African-American Life North US becomes industry focused… while the South US stays focused on Agriculture Late 1700’s to mid 1800’s – Slavery is ON THE DECLINE There was talk Politically of ending slavery New technology will give new life to slavery

King Cotton & African-American Life Eli Whitney 1793 - invented a cotton gin to separate seeds from cotton Allowed people to do 50 times the amount of work In 1793, Eli Whitney creates the Cotton Gin and reinvigorates the South’s economic future. Slavery needs expand because the production rate (how fast they can pump out cotton) explodes! The machine seperates the fibers within the cotton seed to be cleaned, crafted and sold much faster than before.

King Cotton & African-American Life 1820 – all Northern states had outlawed slavery Slavery has become very profitable in the South… “Necessary Evil”

King Cotton & African-American Life Slave owners would resort to violence to control their slaves Slave parents and children would frequently be separated – Owners tried to strip the idea of family Read the letter from the Slave. Introduce the Venn Diagram Project.

Industrial Revolution Read Lowell Mill Girls Account of life Read Frederick Douglass Excerpt Create a 3-5 Paragraph response: Comparing life between the two – include at least 2 similarities and 2 differences Read the letter from the Slave. Introduce the Venn Diagram Project.