CHAPTER 4 STUDENT PP’S

I. Puritans and the Settlement of New England A. Puritan Origins: The English Reformation 1. Henry VIII and the English Reformation 2. Puritans 3. Waxing and Waning of Protestantism in England B. The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony 1. Pilgrims 2. William Bradford 3. Mayflower Compact 4. Plymouth settlement

I. Puritans and the Settlement of New England C. The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony 1. Massachusetts Bay Company 2. John Winthrop 3. Early New England

II. The Evolution of New England Society A. Church, Covenant, and Conformity 1. Puritan Protestantism 2. Church 3. Strict moral laws B. Government by Puritans for Puritanism 1. General Court 2. Freemen and “inhabitants” 3. “Town meeting” 4. Land distribution

II. The Evolution of New England Society C. The Splintering of Puritanism 1. Different visions of godliness 2. Roger Williams 3. Anne Hutchinson 4. Thomas Hooker

II. The Evolution of New England Society D. Religious Controversies and Economic Changes 1. Puritan Revolution slows immigration to New England 2. New England’s economy 3. Puritanism is challenged

III. The Founding of the Middle Colonies A. From New Netherland to New York 1. Dutch East India Company and Henry Hudson 2. New Netherland B. New Jersey and Pennsylvania 1. Duke of York subdivides his grant 2. William Penn

III. The Founding of the Middle Colonies C. Toleration and Diversity in Pennsylvania 1. English Quakers flock to Pennsylvania 2. Ethnic diversity 3. Peace with the Indians 4. Religiously tolerant 5. Evolution of local government

IV. The Colonies and the English Empire A. Royal Regulation of Colonial Trade 1. Navigation Acts 2. Colonial commerce regulated by royal supervision

IV. The Colonies and the English Empire B. King Philip’s War and the Consolidation of Royal Authority 1. Monarchy seeks greater control over colonies 2. King Philip’s War 3. Dominion of New England 4. Threats from New France

The Great European Witch Hunt AND Salem Witch Trials

European Witch Hunts 14th-17th centuries Witches did not use magical powers to get what they wanted. Instead, witches were used by the Devil to do what he wanted. Pact with the devil

How many people affected? Between the 1500’s-1600’s: Between 100,000-200,000 people were ‘officially’ tried for witchcraft and between 40,000 and 60,000 were executed. Between 75-85 % of those tried and executed were female…. Why?

Who conducted witch hunts? Superstitious villagers Mob mentality Mass hysteria Spread of paranoia Change of attitudes

Concrete Evidence Authorities needed proof “Malleus Maleficarum” Definition ‘devils mark’/’devils teats’ Inspect bodies

Torture “Swimming a Witch” Strappado Justified Torture was justified in law King head of Church Witch rejected Church/King Witch guilty of treason Death

Puritans Sent by King Charles I of England Society based on Bible Created perfect society Always cautious of Satan Believed in witches Engaged in witch hunts

Salem, Massachusetts In 1692 500 people 6 miles from coast What did they fear?

Setting the stage for the witch hunts of 1692 Religious practices Expectations of women Small town

The Girls that started it all. . . Elizabeth Parris Abigail Williams Ann Putnam Jr. Mary Walcott Elizabeth Hubbard Elizabeth Booth Mercy Lewis Mary Warren…………………….and Tituba

The Identification of Witches Tituba Sarah Good Sarah Osborne

Pre-trial Guilty or not?!?! Evidence enough to go to trial for witchcraft? *SPECTRAL EVIDENCE!!

Split in Salem Arrest of Rebecca Nurse Petition More than 100 arrested Number of accused Something had to be done in Salem

Hangings Begin

Terror Continues

Attitudes change DOUBT? DID THE GIRLS GO ‘TOO FAR’? HERE COMES THE MAYOR & GOVERNOR! WHAT IS DECIDED ABOUT SPECTRAL EVIDENCE???? NOW WHAT?!

Questions remain…??? Why did the girls claim that witches afflicted them? Were they acting or did they genuinely believe what they were saying? Is there a scientific explanation to this? This event changes the idea that people are guilty until proven innocent….Now the American society would develop with the belief that you are innocent until proven guilty.