Wilson, War and Peace

General Information Germany declares unrestricted submarine warfare against allies Solution: convoy—move around the water in groups for protection

Russia During WWI, Russia is also going through its own revolutions Vladmir Lenin takes control in 1917 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ends war between Germany and Russia No more war on the eastern front

American Troops “doughboys”—see a lot of action Alvin York (TN) earns Congressional Medal of Honor

War’s End Fall 1918 German front collapse Germany surrenders 11 November 1918

Peace Negotiations Lenin (Russia) believes the war was about imperialistic land grabs and makes secret treaties for land from enemies Wilson believes the war is about peace and freedom “Peace without victory”

Fourteen Points: promotes openness, independence, and OPEN DIPLOMACY Free trade Open seas End of colonialism Self-determination: people choose their own government LEAGUE OF NATIONS Goal: “mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity” Keep peace between nations to prevent another war Wilson’s Peace

Treaty 1919-Allies have peace conference in Versailles (Paris) & Germany was not invited Allies blame Germany, demand they pay reparations ($$) GB Prime Minister David Lloyd George rejects 14 points George Clemenceau of France wants peace and victory (reparations) Only thing Wilson gets out of 14 points is a League of Nations, but US does not join Allies split up territories Germany forced to sign “war guilt clause”

America Rejects Treaty Senate has split feelings Irreconcilables—opposed any treaty by League Reservationists—led by Henry Cabot Lodge Opposed to treaty as written Open to small changes Senate officially rejects treaty

Europe Before and After WWI

15.4 Effects of the War

Women and African Americans Lost jobs b/c of world wide recession Race riots became common

Economy Inflation occurs after the war Prices of goods dropped sharply and farmers couldn’t pay mortgages or buy more seed/tools Industrial workers wages didn’t buy as much 1919: 20% of workforce goes on strike wanting rewards for patriotism during the war

Red Scare Fear of radicals and communists Soviet Union (former Russia) becomes a Communist country Communists ideology scares Amns b/c involves revolution and change Red Scare: fear of suspected communists and radicals plotting a revolution in US Many bombs go off across US as a violent radical political movement Attny General Mitchell Palmer has raids to stop radicals Palmer Raids Some who were arrested were immigrants from southern or eastern Europe—many deported

Sacco & Vanzetti Case Italian immigrants and known anarchists Charged with shooting/killing people at a shoe factory Eyewitness said suspects “looked Italian” –only evidence Amn Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) provides defendants with an attorney Found guilty despite lack of evidence Electrocuted Lots of violence against minorities erupt across the nation

Presidency and Economy Warring Harding wins 1920 election on the platform “return to normalcy” ●Normalcy refers to period of time before Wilson brought idealism and progressive reforms Economy ●US is powerhouse ●Richest, most industrialized nation in the world ●Largest creditor nation—countries owe more $ to US than the US owes to them ●NYC becomes new economic center of the world (formally London)

“What Happened, What Would I Have Done? 1st chunk-draw what happened after the action. 2nd-write/draw what you would have done in that situation. (writing: 4 sent. each 1: European nations declare war; America declares neutrality 4: Zimmerman Note. America declares war on Germany 2: Germany sinks Lusitania. No action taken. Germany promises not to do it again (LIES) 5: Men come back from war. Women, Af. Am. lose jobs. 3: Germany declared unrestricted sub. Warfare. Send convoy to move around water for protection 6: International peace. US does not join League of Nations.

What Happened What I Would Have Done