Leukocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced oxidase is required for isocyanate-induced lung inflammation Si-Yen Liu, PhD, Wei-Zhi Wang,

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Leukocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced oxidase is required for isocyanate-induced lung inflammation Si-Yen Liu, PhD, Wei-Zhi Wang, BS, Chia-Liang Yen, MS, Ming-Yi Tsai, MS, Pei-Wen Yang, BS, Jiu-Yao Wang, MD, PhD, Chun-Yi Ho, Chi-Chang Shieh, MD, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 127, Issue 4, Pages 1014-1023 (April 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.008 Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 TDI exposure and leukocyte NADPH oxidase activity induced oxidant stress in the lung. After TDI or OVA exposure, the mice lung BAL cells were harvested, and lung tissue was mechanically homogenized. A and B, The ROS generation was examined by H2DCFDA. C and D, The sulfhydryl level of lung homogenates was detected with DTNB. E, The carbonylation and glutathionylation level of lung protein extract were examined by immunoblotting with anti-DNP or antiglutathione mAbs. Experimental results were expressed as means ± SDs (n = 5 mice per group). The experiments were repeated 5 times with similar results. SH, Sulfhydryl; WT, Wild-type. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1014-1023DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.008) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 TDI exposure induced AHR in wild-type (WT) but not Ncf1–/– mice. A, Experimental scheme. B, Measurements of airway resistance of TDI-sensitized and TDI-challenged or OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged WT and Ncf1–/– mice in response to increasing doses of methacholine. C, Measurements of airway responsiveness of TDI-treated WT and Ncf1–/– mice with or without NAC (5 mg/mL) pretreated are compared. The P values refer to the statistical significance in comparison between TDI-sensitized and TDI-challenged WT and Ncf1–/– mice. The results were expressed as means ± SDs (n = 8 mice per group). The experiments were repeated 2 times with similar results. i.n., Intranasal. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1014-1023DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.008) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 TDI exposure induced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung. Lungs were harvested at 24 hours after the last 3% TDI or OVA challenge. The BAL cells were collected and counted. A, Total BAL fluid cells counts (top group) and cell differential counts in wild-type (WT) mice (middle group) and Ncf1–/– mice (bottom group; n = 8 in each group). B, TDI-treated WT (a and b) and Ncf1–/–mice (e and f) or NAC-pretreated TDI-treated WT (c and d) mouse lungs. The arrows indicate leukocyte filtration. The reference scale bars stand for 0.1 mm. Original magnification ×100. The mice lung histology photographs represent 1 of 8 mice in each group. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1014-1023DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.008) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Different TDI-induced cytokine and specific antibody responses in wild-type (WT) and Ncf1–/– mice. A, Pooled mice lung homogenates were determined for TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 by ELISA. B, Specific antibody titers against TDI were determined by ELISA against TDI-BSA and BSA (inset box). The IgE (left) and IgG (right) titers are shown in the top group. The ELISA-based competition assays for WT and Ncf1–/– mice are shown in the middle and bottom panels. Pooled mice sera were from 8 mice in each experimental group. Experimental results were expressed as means ± SDs (n = 8 per group). The experiments were repeated 3 times with similar results. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1014-1023DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.008) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 TDI exposure induced redox-sensitive transcription factor expression and translocation into nucleus in the lung. Detection of nuclear factors Nrf2 and NF-κB in the lung tissue with or without TDI treatment was performed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and biochemical analysis on nuclear extract from lung tissue. A, IHC staining with Nrf2 in lung tissue. B, Immunoblotting staining with Nrf2 in mice lung nuclear extract. C, IHC staining with NF-κB in lung tissue. D, Immunoblotting staining with NF-κB in lung tissue. The figure represents 1 of 8 mice in each group. The arrows indicate positive nuclear staining. The reference scales stand for 100 μm. Original magnification ×400. WT, Wild-type. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1014-1023DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.008) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 CD4+ T cells and IL-17 are involved in TDI-induced lung inflammation. Measurements of airway responsiveness of 3% TDI-sensitized and TDI-challenged CD4 cell–depleted (black square), IL-17–depleted (black triangle), and wild-type mice to increasing doses of methacholine are shown. Experimental results were expressed as means ± SDs (n = 8 mice in each group). The experiments were repeated 2 times with similar results. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2011 127, 1014-1023DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.008) Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions