PAPER 3: Geographical Applications SECTION A: Issue Evaluation 1

Increased consumption of water Housing growth Factory growth Leaks Human causes: Increased consumption of water Housing growth Factory growth Leaks Physical causes: Lower rainfall Rainshadow effect Location bad: Low lying flat land so 20 metre wall has to be built to keep water in. NIMBY not like as ugly. Location good: Clay is impermeable so good to store water as won’t leak out of reservoir.

Embankment highest NW side. Steventon/ Drayton might not be happy. 5 villages could be effected Railway to bring building materials in. Drainage of local rivers from Oxford flows East towards London so could send extra water there! London needs water most as driest and highest population.

Human causes: Population increase (9 million and growing by 100,000 per year) Increased consumption of water Housing growth (3.4 million houses) Climate change Over abstraction from basin (55% taken out) Physical causes: 737mm low rainfall 2/3 lost to evaporation (water bodies) and transpiration (plants) Climate change – hotter and drier

Area size: 6km Features flooded: (symbols) woodland Estate Solar Farm Farm Depot Road linking Steventon and East Hanney Contours: flat as far apart 6 figure grid reference: along the corridor/ up the stairs/ each box split in 10

Shortage of 1 million litres a day – desperate need for the reservoir! 2011 – 2040 increase of 257 litres!

Summer – less constant rainfall/ higher temperature means higher demand. This is when water shortages likely to happen and reservoir water needed!

Positives of building a reservoir: Recreation and wildlife!

Group Against Reservoir Development GARD Campaign to Protect Rural Area CPRE Local Residents Water Conservationists Thames Water Benefits of the reservoir for them. None Landscaping of reservoir so area will look nice/ better than building more houses Help solve growing risk of water shortages Recreation areas/ no shortfall of 1 million litres a day/ help when domestic and non domestic going up Social Problems of the reservoir for them Visually intrusive 20 metre walls/ disruption when building/ increased flood risk/ not fair to locals when London benefitting most Local communities effected Increase in traffic when area already has congestion/ smaller water storage should be built for locals Economic Problems of the reservoir for them Lose valuable farmland Environmental Problems of the reservoir for them Increased flood risk/ habitats displaced (bats) Habitats effected Overall do they believe the reservoir should be built? No Both No – instead should use reduced leaks/ lower water use/ more desalination

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ch8vdI3ekpY