M.V. Assous, A. Wilamowski  Clinical Microbiology and Infection 

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Relapsing fever borreliosis in Eurasia—forgotten, but certainly not gone!  M.V. Assous, A. Wilamowski  Clinical Microbiology and Infection  Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages 407-414 (May 2009) DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02767.x Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 1 CO2 trap (used with dry ice) for tick collection. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2009 15, 407-414DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02767.x) Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 2 Thousands of Ornithodoros ticks collected using a dry ice trap. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2009 15, 407-414DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02767.x) Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 3 Lesions caused by Ornithodoros tholozani bites. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2009 15, 407-414DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02767.x) Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 4 Phylogenetic tree based on flaB nucleotide sequences. The tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method with a pairwise deletion procedure. Distances were calculated according to Jukes and Cantor. Numbers at nodes correspond to the percentage confidence level in a bootstrap test performed on 1000 replicates. The scale bar corresponds to a distance of 0.01. The GenBank accession numbers for nucleotide sequences of Borrelia persica flaB shown here are as follows: Human Blood FL1, DQ673617; Human Blood C1015B, DQ679904; Ornithodoros tholozani CBkc7, DQ679905; Human Blood 1, DQ679906; Human Blood 2, DQ679907; Human Blood 3, DQ679908; Human Blood 4, DQ679909; O. tholozani TG52, DQ679910; and O. tholozani TGd1, DQ679911. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2009 15, 407-414DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02767.x) Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 5 Thin (a, b) and thick (c, d) blood smears showing Borrelia persica (×1000, Giemsa stain). Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2009 15, 407-414DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02767.x) Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 6 Borrelia persica in patient's blood under dark-field examination. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2009 15, 407-414DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02767.x) Copyright © 2009 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions