Figure 2 Roles of mTOR complexes in the kidney

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Human renal primary cells The human kidneys are bean-shaped organs that play several essential regulatory roles. Their main function is to regulate the.

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Figure 2 Roles of mTOR complexes in the kidney Figure 2 | Roles of mTOR complexes in the kidney. mTOR complexes (mTORCs) are expressed throughout the nephron and regulate homeostasis of all resident parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Disruption of mTOR signalling results in various pathologies that are dependent on cellular location and whether mTORC1 or mTORC2 is targeted. In response to mTOR inhibition, proximal tubular epithelial cells downregulate megalin resulting in proteinuria, whereas inhibition of mTOR in distal tubular epithelial cells leads to polyuria, natriuresis and a reduction in inflammatory cell infiltrate and fibroblastic responses following ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). In the glomerulus, mTOR inhibition disrupts podocyte function leading to proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, whereas endothelial cell proliferation is limited. Ab, antibody; ENaC, epithelial sodium channel; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GLUT-12, glucose transporter type 12; NKCC2, Na–K–Cl co-transporter 2; SGK1, serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1; S6RP, S6 ribosomal protein. Fantus, D. et al. (2016) Roles of mTOR complexes in the kidney: implications for renal disease and transplantation Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2016.108