Illogical Shifts © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s.

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Presentation transcript:

Illogical Shifts © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

What are shifts? Shifts are inconsistencies in writing. To avoid shifts, make sure that all the verbs in a sentence that describe actions happening at the same time are in the same tense: all in the present, all in the past, or all in the future. This is consistent tense. INCONSISTENT: Jason played hockey until he breaks his leg. CONSISTENT: Jason played hockey until he broke his leg. [Both verbs are now in the past tense.] © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

What are shifts? (continued) Also, all nouns and pronouns in a sentence should be consistent in person, or point of view: first person (I/we), second person (you), or third person (he/she/it/they). INCONSISTENT: Students find Professor Bell’s class difficult, but you can succeed if you try. CONSISTENT: Students find Professor Bell’s class difficult, but they can succeed if they try. [The sentence stays in the third person instead of shifting from third person to second person.] © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Fix the shift in the following sentence: Job applicants should make sure that his résumé is up-to-date. © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Answer: Job applicants should make sure that their résumé is up-to-date. © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Fix the shift in the following sentence: (continued 1) To surprise Ed, I jumped out of the bushes as he walks by. © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Answer: (continued 1) To surprise Ed, I jumped out of the bushes as he walked by. © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Fix the shift in the following sentence: (continued 2) Whether a person is young or old, they can still enjoy the benefits of exercise. © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Answer: (continued 2) Whether a person is young or old, he or she can still enjoy the benefits of exercise. © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Fix the shift in the following sentence: (continued 3) Although I liked my classes, I changing my major to something more practical. © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Answer: (continued 3) Although I liked my classes, I changed my major to something more practical. © 2016 by Bedford/St. Martin’s