Give Me Liberty! Norton Media Library An American History Chapter 3 Give Me Liberty! An American History Second Edition Volume 1 by Eric Foner

I. Introduction Social turmoil of late seventeenth-century North America Illustration: King Philip’s War Indian attacks on Southern New England colonial settlements Defeat of Indian rebellion Devastation of Southern New England Indians

II. Expansion of England’s empire Mercantilism Principles Adoption by England Place of North America in

Expansion of England’s empire (cont’d) New York Origins Growth and significance Military Commercial Population Status of inhabitants Religious groups Ethnic groups Women Blacks Landed elite Iroquois Confederacy Charter of Liberties and Privileges

Expansion of England’s empire (cont’d) Carolina Origins Relations with Indians Lures for settlers Introduction of plantation slavery Pennsylvania William Penn Quaker principles Growth

Origins of American slavery Reasons for rise of black slavery in British colonies Growing demand for plantation labor Practical advantages over other alternatives English cultural perceptions Of “alien peoples” in general Of Africans in particular Slavery in world history Slavery in the West Indies Rapid rise during seventeenth century Centrality of sugar production

Origins of American slavery (cont’d) Rise of Chesapeake slavery Early decades Predominance of servants from England Ambiguities of lines between black and white, slavery and freedom In custom In law Mid-seventeenth century Gradual divergence in status of blacks and whites Growing practice of slavery

Origins of American slavery (cont’d) Rise of Chesapeake slavery Bacon’s Rebellion Background Governor William Berkeley’s favoritism toward wealthy planters Diminishing prospects, rising hardships of small farmers Berkeley’s restraints on white settlement Narrative Frontier attacks on Indians Mobilization of diverse rebels by Nathaniel Bacon Grievances and objectives Burning of Jamestown Attacks on governor’s supporters Suppression of rebellion

Origins of American slavery (cont’d) Rise of Chesapeake slavery Bacon’s Rebellion Long-term consequences Expanded freedoms and opportunities for white Virginians Accelerated shift from white indentured servitude to black slavery Early eighteenth century Legal codification of slavery, white supremacy Consolidation of slavery as basis of Virginia economy Slave resistance

Colonies in crises The Glorious Revolution and repercussions for colonial America The Glorious Revolution in England Establishment of Parliamentary supremacy Entrenchment of Protestant succession to throne Affirmation of English rights and liberties Reassertion of colonial autonomy; new charters Abolition of Dominion of New England; restoration of New England colonial governments Maryland New York Massachusetts

Colonies in crises (cont’d) Witchcraft in New England Seventeenth-century belief in supernatural Generally around Europe and America Among Puritans Customary conceptions and treatment of “witches” Salem witch trials Mounting hysteria Accusations, trials, and punishment Ebbing of hysteria Discrediting of witch-hunting; growing commitment to scientific explanation

Trends in eighteenth-century colonial America Population growth 1. Remarkable pace 2. Causes Increasing diversity of population Higher rate of non-English to English arrivals Efforts by London to stem outflow of skilled English Efforts by London to encourage settlement by others Africans English convicts Scots and Scots-Irish Germans

Trends in eighteenth-century colonial America (cont’d) Lures to settlement 1. Religious diversity 2. Availability of land 3. Demand for skills 4. Other freedoms and opportunities Indians and the colonies 1. Place in imperial system as traders, consumers, military allies 2. Growing conflict with backcountry settlers Patterns of agriculture 1. New England 2. Backcountry 3. Middle Colonies

Trends in eighteenth-century colonial America (cont’d) Place of colonies in consumer revolution As producer of goods As consumer of goods Colonial cities Growth Functions Financial Commercial Cultural Merchants Artisans

Social classes in the colonies Elites Rising dominance Regional variants Mercantile elite of New England and Middle Colonies Planter elite of Chesapeake and Lower South Means of social and political hegemony “Anglicization” Aristocratic lifestyle Hierarchical worldview

VI. Social classes in the colonies (cont’d) The poor Spread of poverty Slaves Landless tenants and wage earners Attitudes and policies toward the poor Image as responsible for own poverty Workhouses Apprenticeship “Warning out” of and expulsion from communities Middling ranks Predominance of Basis in land ownership Gender divisions of labor

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