Multimedia Applications Stephen Perschau National Communications System

Information Flow Requirements Other National Governments International Agencies National Government Regional/State Government Local Government Population within Affected Area Disaster Relief Organizations Population(s) Outside Affected Area 31.12.2018

Why Multimedia Enhanced Capabilities Beyond Voice Data and Video Emerging Media for Bridging Distances Robustness Supports Near Real Time and Non-real Time Real Time Not Reliably Guaranteed 31.12.2018

Applications Voice Telephony Reporting & File Transfers PSTN, Wireless, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Reporting & File Transfers Telemetry Applications Video Teleconferencing Telemedicine Database Services Interactive Victim Database 31.12.2018

Voice Telephony Primary Communication Used by Government and Relief Organizations Dedicated Satellite Phones Packet Switched Circuit Switched Public Networks Circuit Switched Wireless Packet Switched 31.12.2018

Voice Telephony Minimum Essential Communications Required by Disaster Responders Supports Real Time Information Flows Lacks Enhanced Capabilities Provided by Multimedia Based Systems Limited Effectiveness for Long/complicated Information Transactions 31.12.2018

Reporting & File Transfers After Voice, Next Level of Multimedia Support for Disaster Relief Workers Short Messaging Service (SMS) Reliable E-mail With Attachments Transfer of High Resolution Images & 3D Graphics (Disaster Site Scenes) Full motion video Local Access & Connectivity Is Vital Availability at Disaster Site 31.12.2018

Telemetry Applications Seismic Activity Weather Data Search and Rescue Information Information From Audio Sensors, Infrared Video, & Video Scanners Structural Integrity of Buildings Chemical Test Data 31.12.2018

Video Teleconferencing Coordinating a Response to Disasters Governments for Crisis Management Consultation for Response & Recovery Efforts Deployment of Rescue Teams Relief Organizations Providing Humanitarian Aid (e.g., Red Cross, Red Crescent) 31.12.2018

- Advisor on Informatics of the World Health Organization. Telemedicine “the practice of medical care using interactive audiovisual and data communications. This includes medical care delivery, diagnosis, consultation and treatment, as well as education and the transfer of medical data” - Advisor on Informatics of the World Health Organization. Report by the WHO Director General to the 99th Session of the Executive Board, 6 January 1997 (Ref: EB99/30) 31.12.2018

Telemedicine Applications Brings Hospital-based Expertise to Field Environments Store-and-forward for Transferring Digital Images Telemetry for Monitoring Vital Signs of Victims Two-way Interactive Television (IATV) for Remote Medical Services 31.12.2018

Telemedicine Outlook Virtually All Telemedicine Transmissions Will Happen Using Internet Protocols, Whether or Not the Transmissions Happen Over the Internet As Internet Capacity Grows, It Is Expected That Nearly All Telemedicine Transactions Will Be Done Via the Internet 31.12.2018

Database Services Managing the Supplies/Resources Needed to Help Mitigate the Disaster Access to Inventory Lists & Distribution Systems Ordering/procurement of Supplies Medicine, Food, Water, Shelter, Telecommunications Location and Delivery Updates 31.12.2018

Database Services Access to Reference Information Manuals & Technical Documentation Queries on Hazardous/toxic Materials & Handling Instructions Maps (topology information) 31.12.2018

Victim Locator Database Allows People in Disaster Areas to Register Their Whereabouts Provides an Alternative Source of Information for Relatives Could Help Minimize Calls to Relief Organizations & PSTN Congestion “I Am Alive” Service Being Deployed in Japan 31.12.2018

Multimedia Requirements Sustained Bandwidth H.323 (H.263) 28Kbits/s – 1 Mbits/sec MPEG1: 1.5 Mbits/sec MPEG4: 5 Kbits/sec – 4 Mbits/sec High Quality Video Video Should be at Least VHS Quality (> 1Mbps MPEG1) Low Latency & Jitter 31.12.2018

Multimedia Requirements High Quality Audio Delay, Jitter, and Packet Loss Quality of Service Adaptive Applications Low Drop Probability or Preferential Queuing 31.12.2018

Summary Multimedia applications, especially wireless, will provide enhanced capabilities for dealing with disasters A number of technical challenges lie ahead 31.12.2018