Diagnostic Reasoning A Standard Model

Diagnostic Reasoning What is Diagnostic Reasoning? Troubleshooting Reactive Maintenance

Cognitive Requirements Situational awareness and critical thinking are the keys to safe and efficient equipment maintenance. Activity risk assessment should be the first and continuing process during all analytical/diagnostic and repair sequences.

Why we need to teach it The Event January 16, 2002

Fatalities European OSHA estimates 10 to 15 Percent of all fatal accidents involve maintenance United States 300 to 400 people every year (Best guess)

Reactive Maintenance Costly Dangerous Disruptive

First Principle Reasoning What are the basics of a problem that we can agree on? Elon Musk

What are the basics we can agree on? Awareness of a Problem An anomaly Something is not right Knowledge What is normal

Investigating - Observations Self Our 5 Senses Observations from the past Others What they sense Past experiance

Symptoms Recognition of key facts Logic Intuition

Cause Logic Intuition

Risk Investigation is the acquisition of the easy information Many problems require Testing

Testing A serious step Time Investment Risk Qualitative

Testing Experience Definitive

Dual Process Cognitive Theory Two parallel mental processes System 2 Our stream of consciousness Slow and effortful System 1 Intuitive Fast and easy Pattern matching 95% of decisions

Cognitive Science Resources Dr Daniel Kahneman “Thinking Fast and Slow” Dr Gary Klein Sources of Power” Dr Pat Crosskerry How Doctors Think (Video) D Gerome Groopman “How Doctors Think”

Dual Process Theory Two modes of thinking Dr Spock System 1 System 2 What many consider as Intuition Experience System 2 Conscious stream of thought Dr Spock

Dr Pat Crosskerry “How Doctors Think”

Instructional practice Each student activity can be considered a problem Each instructor interaction can use the model All the instructors can use this model Each problem can strengthen the model Each students needs can be addressed As each problem is solved students reflect on the model Students can be asked to write out formal essays describing a problem solving example

2 4 8 14 12 19 1 15 9 5 16 6 10 17 13 20 3 18 11 7

Problem solving across context Far transfer Multiple repetitions Multiple examples