Ceftriaxone attenuates glutamate-mediated neuro-inflammation and restores BDNF in MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease in rats Baninder Kaur, Atish Prakash

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Ceftriaxone attenuates glutamate-mediated neuro-inflammation and restores BDNF in MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease in rats Baninder Kaur, Atish Prakash Pathophysiology Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages 71-79 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.001 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Study protocol Design. Pathophysiology 2017 24, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.001) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effect of ceftriaxone and its combination with glutamate modulators on body weight in MPTP-administered rats. Data was expressed as mean±S.E.M.’s. aP≤0.01 as compared to sham control; bP<0.05 as compared to MPTP-treated group; cP<0.05 as compared to CFX (100); dP<0.05 as compared to MEM (20). (Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test). MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, CFX: Ceftriaxone, MEM: Memantine, DHK: Dihydrokainate. Pathophysiology 2017 24, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.001) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Effect of ceftriaxone and its combination with glutamate modulators on locomotor activity in MPTPadministeredrats. Data was expressed as mean±S.E.M. aP≤0.01 as compared to sham control; bP<0.05 as compared to MPTP-treated group; cP<0.05 as compared to CFX (100); dP<0.05 as compared to MEM (20); eP<0.05 as compared to DHK (200nm). (Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test). MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, CFX: Ceftriaxone, MEM: Memantine, DHK: Dihydrokainate. Pathophysiology 2017 24, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.001) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effect of ceftriaxone and its combination with glutamate modulators on rotarod and grip strength in MPTP administered rats. Data was expressed as mean±S.E.M. aP≤0.01 as compared to sham control; bP<0.05 as compared to MPTP-treated group; cP<0.05 as compared to CFX (100); dP<0.05 as compared to MEM (20). (Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test). MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, CFX: Ceftriaxone, MEM: Memantine, DHK: Dihydrokainate. Pathophysiology 2017 24, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.001) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effect of ceftriaxone and its combination with glutamate modulators on time taken to cross straight run way and foot error on narrow beam walk in MPTP administered rats. Data was expressed as mean±S.E.M. aP≤0.01 as compared to sham control; bP<0.05 as compared to MPTP-treated group; cP<0.05 as compared to CFX (100); dP<0.05 as compared to MEM (20). (Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test). MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, CFX: Ceftriaxone, MEM: Memantine, DHK: Dihydrokainate. Pathophysiology 2017 24, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.001) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Effect of ceftriaxone and its combination with glutamate modulators on pro-inflammatory markers {(A) NFκB, (B) TNF-α and(C) IL-1 β} levels and (D) BDNF in MPTP induced PD in rats. Data was expressed as mean±S.E.M. aP≤0.01 as compared to sham control; bP<0.05 as compared to MPTP-treated group; cP<0.05 as compared to CFX (100); dP<0.05 as compared to MEM (20). (One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test). MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, CFX: Ceftriaxone, MEM: Memantine, DHK: Dihydrokainate. Pathophysiology 2017 24, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.001) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Schematic representation of the mechanism action of Ceftriaxone against MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease in rats. Pathophysiology 2017 24, 71-79DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.001) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions