Chapter 7 India and China Establishing Empires Landan Boccadoro Raymond Main Wesley Gonzalez Seth Ruggiero Jason Pimentel

Section 1: The Rulership of Chandragupta Chandragupta was born in the kingdom of Magadha. Chandragupta gathered up an army and invaded the kingdom of Nanda. Claimed the throne in 321 B.C. Empire was named Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta moved northwest. Invading all the land. Arthasastra: a how to book on running an empire wrote by Kautilya. Chandragupta divided the empire into four provinces. .

Section 1 Continued: Chandragupta and Asoka In 301 B.C., Chandragupta’s son assumed the throne. He ruled for 32 years before his grandson, Asoka arose to the throne. Asoka became king of the Mauryan Empire in 269 B.C. Asoka led a campaign against his neighbors. They went to the state of Kalinga. The had a bloody war and lost 100,000 soldiers and many civilians were also killed. Asoka started studying Buddhism and decided to rule by Buddha’s teaching of nonviolence and “peace to all beings.”

Section 1 Continued: The Gupta Empire 500 yrs later Chandra Gupta the next emperor of Magadha who has no relation to Chandragupta Maurya. Gupta came to power by marrying the daughter of an old royal family. Controlled areas: Magadha, central region of Ganges river, and an area just north of Magadha. Chundras son is a named Samudra Gupta. Samudra Became king in 335 A.D and expanded his empire through many wars and invasions. Had most of the control around his father's kingdom.

Section 1 continued: Daily life of India Most of the workers in India were usually farmers, Craftman worker, and Merchant. Indian families were usually patriarchal, headed by the eldest males. Because of the droughts the males constantly grew crops. The tax on the water caused there to be a days worth of maintaining wells, irrigation ditches, reservoirs, and dams. Workers usually had to pay the king way to much than what they make. Section 1 continued: Daily life of India Most Indians worked as farmers, craftspeople, and merchants. Indian families were usually patriarchal, headed by the eldest males. Droughts were really common so the farmers constantly had to work on irrigation and crops. Since the tax was high on water, farmers would have to work on the wells, irrigation, dams, and reservoirs.

Section 2 : Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture When the Mauryan and Gupta Empires were still in power Invaders poured into India they brought new ideas and customs. In doing so the Indians changed thwn culture. In 250 B.C. the two main faiths in India are Buddhism and Hinduism. The Buddha had stressed that each person would reach the state of peace called nirvana. Even though Buddha had forbidden for people to follow him, some began to teach that he was a god

Section 2 Continued : Flowering of indian culture Just like hinduism and Buddhism underwent change, so did indian culture and learning. Indian entered a highly productive period in literature, arts, and mathematics that continued until roughly A.D. 500. Since Literature was highly productive more than 2,000 poems were made during this period of time In addition to literature drama was very popular at the time as well The expansion of trade spurred the advance of science While they were traveling for trade, the sailors used the stars to figure out where they are.

Section 2 continued : The spread of indian trade In addition to knowledge, india has always been rich with precious resources. Spices, diamond, sapphires, gold, pearls, and beautiful-including ebony, teak, and fragrant sandalwood. The trade between india and regions like africa and sumeria began more than 4,ooo years ago. Trade continued to expand even after the mauryan ended around 185 B.C.

Section 3 : Han Emperors in China Shi Huangdi of the Qin Dynasty unified China died in 210 B.C. His son proved to be a weak and ineffective leader China’s government fell apart. The result of the collapse is a civil war between an aristocratic Xiang Yu and one of his generals Liu Bang. In 202 B.C. Liu Bang and declared himself the first emperor of the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty was divided into two periods.

Section 3 Continued: Liu Bang The first period of the Han Dynasty the former Han lasted until 9 A.D. for almost 200 years. The later Han Dynasty ruled for almost 200 years. Liu Bang first goal was to destroy the rival kings power . Once he destroyed the rival kings kingdom he focused on establishing centralized government in which a central authority controls the running of a state. Liu Bang lowered taxes and softened harsh punishments.

Section 3 Continued: Empress Lu rise and fall Empress Lu, Liu Bangs wife, there son was emperor only in name. Lu with help from her friends in the courts seized power. She outlived her son and named an infant the next emperor because he was too young to rule she stayed in power she died in 180 B.C. People remained loyal to Liu Bangs family so hers was thrown out of power.

Section 3 continued : Wudi and the Government Liu Bang grandson Wudi continued his centralized politics he ruled from 141 to 87 B.C. the longest of all the hans He was called the material emperor because he expanded the chinese empire through war The hans are considered semidivine there job was to keep order on a cosmic level The emperor relied on a complex bureaucracy to help rule It included 18 different ranks of civil service each citizen had one month of civil service It was expensive to run the bureaucracy so they taxed merchants and farmers gave some of their crop to the government

Section 3 Continued : Improvement of Culture and Trade Paper was invented in 105 A.D. so books became readily available to the public and helped education spread. The collar harness was invented so horses could pull more weight which meant more trade They perfected the plow improved iron tools and invented the wheelbarrow this expanded trade THe population hit 60 million to unify the empire they practiced assimilation

Section 3 continued : Rich and poor The large landowners didn’t have to pay taxes So the government in order to compensate they taxed smaller landowners even more This created a bigger gap in the social class Political instability grew inexperience emperors replaced another inexperience emperor This started a rebellion Wang Mang a member of the court decided they needed a new emperor this ended the first half of the han dynasty

1st QUestion: What year did Asoka become king of the Mauryan Empire? 196 B.C. B. 296 B.C. C. 169 B.C. D. 269 B.C.

2nd Question: What year did chandraguptas son ,Samudras, come to power? B. 335 A.D C. 400 A.D D. 335 B.C

3rd Question How long did the Han Dynasty. Last? 200 years 600 years 300 years 400 years

4th Question: Other than Indian culture, what other religions spread through trade? A:Hinduism B:Buddhism C:Chinese culture D:Both a and b

5th Question : just like hinduism and buddhism underwent changes 5th Question : just like hinduism and buddhism underwent changes. Who else changed their culture? iNDIA cHINA ROME IRAQ

Conclusion: The Most Important Bullet Point From Each Slide

Test Answers D. 269 B.C. 3. D 400 years 4. D. Both A and B 5. A. indIA