Lesson Objectives Reviewing the anatomy of the Elbow Bones & Joints Ligaments, tendons muscles Movements of the elbow/forearm

Elbow Anatomy Bones – Humerus, Ulna & Radius Humero-ulnar Joint: Hinge (sometimes called “Limited Ball & Socket”) Motions – Flexion & Extension Humero-Radial Joint: Hinge

Anatomy cont’d Proximal (& Distal) Radio-ulnar Joint: Pivot Motions – pronation & supination Olecranon Process - Point of the Elbow (part of the ulna) where triceps attaches Radial Tuberosity – bump on the radius where biceps tendon attaches

Elbow Anatomy (cont’d) Trochlea – distal & medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus Capitulum - distal & lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus Epicondyles – Medial & Lateral prominences of the humerus Major Ligaments: Ulnar Collateral, Radial Collateral, Annular & Capsular

Ligaments Annular Radial Collateral (RCL) Ulnar Collateral (UCL) ligament that wraps horizontally around the head of the radius & holds the proximal radio-ulnar joint together Radial Collateral (RCL) connects radius and humerus lateral Ulnar Collateral (UCL) connects ulna and humerus medial

Elbow & Forearm Joints Bicipital Groove Humeroradial joint Olecranon fossa Humeroulnar joint Humeroradial joint Proximal Radioulnar joint Bicipital Groove

Elbow & Forearm Joints

FOREARM JOINTS

Muscles & Motions: Flexion – Biceps, Brachioradialis, Brachialis Extension -Triceps & Anconeus Pronation – Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus Supination – Biceps, Supinator

Elbow Injuries Most occur from overuse Racket (tennis) and Throwing (baseball/softball) sports have a high incidence of injuries

Lateral Epicondylitis – “Tennis Elbow” Occurs from overuse Injury to the tendon connecting extensor muscles to lateral epicondyle

Medial Epicondylitis – “Little League Elbow” / “Golfer’s Elbow”

Olecranon Bursitis “Student’s Elbow” Cause: hard blow or repeated minor injuries Inflammation of the bursa - bursitis

Avulsion Fx Medial Epicondyle most common

Elbow Dislocation Cause: most common is a fall on an outstretched arm Ulna (olecranon process) dislocates from the humerus

Ulnar Nerve Contusion AKA: hitting your funny bone Cause: knocking your ulna against a hard surface Ulnar Nerve runs along the medial surface of the elbow Can become entrapped due to: Direct trauma Repetitive strain Progressive compression (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome)

UCL Constructive Surgery Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) AKA: Tommy John Surgery Surgery to repair & replace the UCL Over time tiny and large tears occur; eventually rupturing Named after famous LA Dodgers Pitcher Tommy John

Tommy John Surgery Brief Description Not just baseball players 30 for 30: Tommy & Frank