Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.50 Figure 1 Age-adjusted incidence rates of invasive cancers for which population-based screening is practiced in the USA Figure 1 | Age-adjusted incidence rates of invasive cancers for which population-based screening is practiced in the USA. Annual incidence rates in men (for prostate and colorectal cancers) and women (for cervical and uterine, breast and colorectal cancers) over the age of 50 years are shown for a 37-year period (1975–2012), based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry4. Approximate eras of widespread use of the respective screening tests are represented by black lines, with dotted regions representing initial periods of increasing dissemination of the tests following their introduction. The incidence rates of cervical cancer in women and colorectal cancers in both men and women have declined since the early-to-mid 1980s, probably owing to the screening-based detection and subsequent removal of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and colonic polyps, respectively. On the other hand, the incidence rates of prostate cancer and breast cancer have increased over the same timeframe, probably owing to increased detection of localized cancers as a result of the widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based and mammography screening, respectively. Shieh, Y. et al. (2016) Population-based screening for cancer: hope and hype Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.50