PARTICLE ACCELERATOR.

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PARTICLE ACCELERATOR

Cyclotron Schematic Top View Side View Injected ions Uniform B-field region Alternating E-field Brittany Ejected ions www.hyperphysics.com

3D View Juliana http://www-nsd.lbl.gov/

The Cyclotron Period is independent of velocity B F Period is independent of velocity Particle steered by magnet Moves in larger circles in equal amounts of time Gains more & more energy Accelerates to large energies without large voltages Energy limits- disk size, B-field strength ~~ 100 MeV v F= ma q(v×B)= mv2/ r For circular orbits, q(v×B)= qvB r= mv/qB ω= v/ r= qB/m Juliana…an orbiting particle in a magnetic field takes the same time to make one revolution, regardless of radius or energy. Thus the alternating voltage on the dees can be set to match the revolution frequency of all the particles in the cyclotron. A couple of important things to note are that 1:these dees are in a vacuum, so that the ions are not scattered by any particles in the air, and 2: the ions are shielded from the electric field while they are traversing the circle; they only feel its force at the junctions between the dees. ”cyclotron frequency” f=ω/2p = qB/2pm

Cyclotron

SYNCHROCYCLOTRON

BETATRON

Betatron