The Gas Dynamic Trap (GDT) Neutron Source Fusion Nuclear Sci. and Tech. Meeting UCLA, August 2-6, 2010 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk, Russia Tom Simonen, University of California Berkeley

Objective Employ A Simple DT 14 MeV Neutron Source to Test / Validate Materials &Subcomponents Utilize International Leverage Provide IFE Synergy gas Dynamic Trap DT Neutron Source = DTNS

DTNS General Attributes High Neutron Flux (2 MW/m2) Low Fusion Power (2 MW) Uniform Radiated Area (1 m2) Steady State (for Weeks) Low Tritium Consumption (0.15 kg/FPY) Dirt Simple Physics (Te is main concern) Technology Needs (Steady State 80 keV Neutral Beams and Tritium Reprocessing)

Main Points of This Talk The Russian GDT Concept is a Near-Term DT Neutron Source (DTNS) for Material and Subcomponent Testing and Qualification The Physics Issues can be Addressed in GDT DTNS Same Size and Gyro-Radius as GDT Conceptual Designs have been Carried Out Russia, Germany, Sweden, USA Urged Action: US-Russia GDT Collaboration

Comparison of Neutron Sources ADS DTNS Tokamak Flux (MW/m2) 2 14 MeV DT Neutrons No Yes Test Area (m2) 0.01 1 100 Blanket Test? Sub-modules Tritium/FPY (kG) 0.1 10 Requires Breeding?

1980’s Mirror Based Neutron Source Designs TDF

1980’s Mirror Neutron Source Designs Based on Unproven Theoretical Concepts Required Complex Minimum-B Magnets Required Complex Thermal Barriers Valuable Conceptual Design Studies Carried Out by Industry, Labs, and Universities

GDT Axisymmetic Mirror Concept Novosibirsk, Madison, Kyoto Circular Coils without Thermal Barriers Simplified Engineering and Physics No neoclassical radial transport High mirror ratio and Natural Divertor Ease of Construction and Maintenance

2010 GDT Neutron Source Concept Based on GDT Experimental Data (60% Beta) Axisymmetric Stabilized with ExB Shear Vortex Classical Theoretical Foundation Electron Drag & Collisional Warm Plasma Sloshing Ions provide Micro-Stability (TMX-U) Extrapolation to 80 keV NBI and 1.5 T Field No Change in size or gyro-radius

DT Neutron Source Parameters Length 7 meters Magnetic Field 1.5 Tesla Mirror Ratio >10 Neutral Beam 80 keV, 20 to 40 MW Mean Ion Energy 40 keV Electron Temp. 0.75 keV Density 4 e20 /m3 Same Size and Gyro-radius as the GDT Device

GDT Device in Novosibirsk Russia Most Active Russian Experiment 18 meters Long 11

GDT Experiment Layout

GDT Beta = 60% Vortex Shear Flow MHD “Stabilization” A. D GDT Beta = 60% Vortex Shear Flow MHD “Stabilization” A.D. Beklemishev, Fus. Sci. & Tech. May 2010 U = 150 В U = 0 Simulated flow lines

GDT DD-Neutron Axial Profile (Agrees with Computer Simulation)

Monte-Carlo Simulation of the GDT Fast Ion Energy Distribution (No Significant Loss Cone to Drive MicroInstabilities)

Н0 – beams, Н – plasma, a=14 cm, R = 33. Te vs heat power: experiment and calculations Н0 – beams, Н – plasma, a=14 cm, R = 33. calculation Te ~ Ph2/3 experiment Te, eV calculation Te ~ Ph2/7 Ph, MW P.Bagryansky, The 8th International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement, July 5, 2010 16

Neutron Flux Increases With Te (for various NBI energies) Today’s Te ~ 0.25 keV would produce ~ 0.4 MW/m2

A Russian Neutron Source Design A MW of Fusion Power for Weeks Neutron Flux ~ 2 MW/m2 Test Area ~ 1 m2

GDT-NS Magnet Design Bobouch et. al. Fusion Science & Tech GDT-NS Magnet Design Bobouch et. al. Fusion Science & Tech. v41, 2002, p44 Frascati, Novosibirsk, Snezhinsk,…

DTNS Would Produce ITER-Like Neutron Energy Spectra (Fischer, A DTNS Would Produce ITER-Like Neutron Energy Spectra (Fischer, A.Moslang, A.Ivanov, FE&D 48 (2000) p.307)

Material Sample Test Assembly (Holds ~8,000 Temp Material Sample Test Assembly (Holds ~8,000 Temp. Controlled Specimens) U. Fisher, A. Moslang, A.A. Ivanov, FE&D 48 (2000) p307

Conclusions GDT Leads to a Fusion Neutron Source For Material and Subcomponent Qualification Based on Classical Theory (60% Beta) Physics Issues can be Addressed in GDT Te, MHD. Micro-stability Attractive Conceptual Designs Carried Out Russia, Germany, Sweden, USA Your Support for a ICC-Level GDT US-Russia Collaboration is Solicited

References “Gas dynamic trap as high power 14 MeV neutron source”, P.A Bagryansky , et. al. Fusion Engineering and Design 70 (2004), p. 13-33 Assessment of the gas dynamic trap mirror facility as intense neutron source for fusion material test irradiations”, U. Fischer, A. Moslang, A.A. Ivanov, Fusion Engineering and Design, 48 (2000) p. 307-325

GDT Classical Confinement Scaling Tau sub E hot ~ Te^3/2 / ne Tau sub E warm ~ RL / vi ~ RL / Te^1/2 Te ~ beta B^2 R L all to the 1/3