Managing Motor Fleet Safety Programs: Training for the Safety Director Unit 3 – The Quality Approach to Safety Programs NATMI © 2018

Unit 3 Objectives Explain why safety directors need to think about safety as part of an overall system Explain why it is important to use data to identify the root causes of problems Distinguish between common cause and special cause variation, and determine how to respond to each kind Describe how control charts can be used to analyze safety data Explain the key quality management approaches that are important to implementing changes to solve safety problems NATMI © 2018

Quality Management Approach 1. Collect data 2. Identify root causes of problems 3. Develop appropriate solutions 4. Plan and make changes NATMI © 2018

The Organization as a System of Processes Processes have their own inputs, steps, and outputs Processes can be simple or complex Processes are interrelated NATMI © 2018

Success Depends on All Components Changing any process affects outcome Optimization is achieved through cooperation not competition NATMI © 2018

Managing a System Recognize importance of interrelationships Consider process inputs and steps, not just outputs NATMI © 2018

Variation Every process has variation Reduce variation to improve efficiency To reduce variation you must understand the cause of the variation NATMI © 2018

Understanding Variation Incidents Per Month 30 20 10 J F M A M J J A S O N D NATMI © 2018

Common Cause Variation Caused by inputs that are always present in a particular process NATMI © 2018

Special Cause Variation Caused by unusual circumstances, where the inputs are not usually part of the process NATMI © 2018

Actions to Control Variation Study the overall process OR Study only the incident and events surrounding the incident NATMI © 2018

Controlling Variation from Common Causes Incidents Per Month 10 5 J F M A M J J A S O N D A. Study overall process OR B. Study specific incident NATMI © 2018

Controlling Variation from Special Causes Incidents Per Month 30 20 10 J F M A M J J A S O N D A. Study overall process OR B. Study specific incident NATMI © 2018

Quality Management Approach 1. Collect data 2. Identify root causes of problems 3. Develop appropriate solutions 4. Plan and make changes NATMI © 2018

A Process in Statistical Control Predictable and stable Basis for prediction NATMI © 2018

Sample Control Chart Upper Control Limit Lower Control Limit Average 10 Average (Mean) 5 Lower Control Limit J F M A M J J A S O N D NATMI © 2018

Purpose of Control Charts Distinguish between common and special cause variation Look at how process is performing Predict future process performance NATMI © 2018

Is This Process in Statistical Control? - 1 24 6 Upper Control Limit Lower Control Limit Average (Mean) J F M A M J J A S O N D NATMI © 2018

Is This Process in Statistical Control? - 2 40 Upper Control Limit 20 Average (Mean) Lower Control Limit J F M A M J J A S O N D NATMI © 2018

Consecutive Increases Special Cause NATMI © 2018

Cluster on Same Side of Average Special Cause NATMI © 2018

Alternating Gains and Losses Special Cause NATMI © 2018

Importance of Teamwork “People will support what they help to create.” John Wooden “It’s amazing what a group of people can accomplish when no one cares who gets the credit.” NATMI © 2018

Cycle of Improvement Plan Act Do Check NATMI © 2018

Questions? NATMI © 2018