Historical Understanding II South Africa/Apartheid/Mandela Days 3-4

AFRICA Historical Understanding Standard: SS7H1 Students analyze continuity and change in Africa leading to the 21st century. b. Explain how nationalism led to independence in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria. c. Explain the creation and end of apartheid in South Africa and the roles of Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk.

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: First meeting of the Water Project is this afternoon from 4-5p in B-204 (Mr. Smith’s Room). Standard: Explain how nationalism led to independence in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria. Explain the creation and end of apartheid in South Africa and the roles of Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk. Essential Question: Friday, April 28th : Name three important decisions President F. W. de Klerk of South Africa made in 1990? Warm-up: What trade barrier did the international community use to force the end of South Africa’s apartheid system? Today We Will: African History (Apartheid, Nelson Mandela, & Pan Africanism)

ANSWERS E.Q. Answer for Friday April 28, 2017: In 1990, South African President F.W. de Klerk agreed to; Allow the African National Congress to operate as a legal political party Released Nelson Mandela from prison after serving 27 years He also began to repeal (erase) the apartheid laws Warm-Up: International Trade Embargoes

AFRICA Historical Understanding The apartheid system lasted until well into the 1980’s, with the white minority population making all the laws for the nonwhite majority. Throughout these years, two groups were working to end this South African regime, the African National Congress (ANC) led by Nelson Mandela, and the Pan African Congress.

AFRICA Historical Understanding Many countries around the world were critical of South Africa for its discriminatory government. Some refused to do business with South Africa. The ANC worked for years to eventually get the international community to help by imposing embargoes on the Union of South Africa.

AFRICA Historical Understanding An embargo meant countries refused to trade with the Union of South Africa until they changed their discriminatory policies. Riots and fighting took place constantly and Nelson Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life in prison for his work against the white government.

AFRICA Historical Understanding By 1985, pressure from the embargo and continuing resistance led by the African National Congress and the Pan African Congress forced the South African government to begin making changes. The South African government had to admit that their policy of apartheid had no place in the modern world.

AFRICA Historical Understanding In 1990, South African President F. W. de Klerk agreed to allow the African National Congress to operate as a legal political party and he released Nelson Mandela after he had served 27 years in prison. De Klerk also began to repeal the apartheid laws.

AFRICA Historical Understanding In 1994, South Africa held its first multiracial elections and chose Nelson Mandela as the country’s first black president. Rather than being bitter about being jailed, Mandela announced that one of his goals was to get the races in South Africa to work together and try to overcome the hatred that had grown during the apartheid years.

AFRICA Historical Understanding Standard: SS7H1 Students analyze continuity and change in Africa leading to the 21st century. d. Explain the impact of the Pan-African movement.

AFRICA Historical Understanding The Pan-African movement began as a reaction to the terrible experiences of colonial rule and the desire for people of African descent, no matter where they lived in the world, to think as Africa as a homeland. The first people to support the idea of Pan-Africans were Africans who were living in other parts of the world.

AFRICA Historical Understanding They also called for Africans all over the continent to think of themselves as one people and together. Ultimately, it sparked the independence movements that helped to end colonial rule.

AFRICA Historical Understanding While the peaceful unification of Africa has never taken place, the Pan-African movement can take a lot of credit for sparking independence movements that left nearly all African nations free of colonial rule by the 1980’s.

AFRICA Historical Understanding Pan-African movement Summary The Pan-African movement began as a reaction to the terrible experiences of European colonial rule. The desire for people of African descent, no matter where they lived in the world, to think as Africa as their homeland. It sparked the independence movements that helped to end colonial rule.