Lecture 3: Resistivity 1.3 Wafer Mapping 1.3.1 Double Implant
1.3.2 Applied Current Tomography 1.3.3 Modulated Photo-reflectance
Lateral; How about vertical? 1.3.4 Optical Densitometry implants doping resistivity Lateral; How about vertical?
Removing, Measuring; …… 1.4 Resistivity Profiling 1.4.1 Differential Hall Effect Removing, Measuring; ……
1.4.2 Spreading Resistance Profiling
1.5 Contactless Methods 1.5.1 Eddy Current Q changes when more power absorbed More power absorbed due to conductivity Or resistivity of electronic materials or wafers !
1.5.2 Confocal Resonator Surface resistance analyzer (SRA)
1.6 Conductivity Type 1.6.1 From information sheet or…… 1.6.2 Thermoelectric probe method (Seebeck) 1.6.3 Rectification method 1.6.4 Hall effect